How to transform Electromagnetic fields for Lorentz Boost in arbitrary direction?

  • #1
Lusypher
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Homework Statement
In an inertial frame $\boldsymbol{S}$, components of electric and magnetic fields are $\vec{E}=2 \hat{i}+3 \hat{j}+5 \hat{k}$ and $\vec{B}=\overrightarrow{0}$ respectively, in some chosen system of unit. In another inertial frame $\boldsymbol{S}^{\prime}$, which is moving with uniform speed with respect to the former, components of magnetic field are $\overrightarrow{B^{\prime}}=2 \hat{i}+1 \hat{j}+3 \hat{k}$. What may be the components of the electric field $\overrightarrow{E^{\prime}}$ in the second frame of reference?
Relevant Equations
The Field Strength tensor is goven by
$$
F^{\alpha \beta}=\partial^\alpha A^\beta-\partial^\beta A^\alpha=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}
0 & -E_x & -E_y & -E_z \\
E_x & 0 & -B_z & B_y \\
E_y & B_z & 0 & -B_x \\
E_z & -B_y & B_x & 0
\end{array}\right]
$$
I know the Lorentz matrix for a boost along any of the Cartesian axes. But, since all the components of the magnetic field has changed in the frames, the boost is along an arbitrary direction, rather tahn a particular axis. How do I solve the problem in this case?
 
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  • #2
Say 4-vector A is Lorentz transformed as
[tex]A'^{\mu}=\Lambda^\mu_\nu A^{\nu}[/tex]
which is product of matrix and vector, 4-tensor B with form of matrix is Lorentz transformaed as
[tex]B'^{\mu\nu}=\Lambda^\mu_\alpha B^{\alpha \beta }(\Lambda^{-1})^\nu_\beta[/tex]
which is product of matrices. In order that we can chose arbitrary boost direction
[tex]\Lambda^\mu_\nu=R^\mu_\alpha \mathbf{\Lambda}^\alpha_\beta (R^{-1})^{\beta}_\nu[/tex]
where ##\mathbf{\Lambda}^\alpha_\beta## is e.g, z boost and ##R^\mu_\alpha## is matrix for a rotation so that the boost direction be z axis.
 
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  • #3

FAQ: How to transform Electromagnetic fields for Lorentz Boost in arbitrary direction?

What is a Lorentz boost?

A Lorentz boost is a transformation that relates the space and time coordinates of two observers moving at a constant velocity relative to each other, particularly in the context of special relativity. It modifies the coordinates according to the speed of the moving observer, affecting how time and space are perceived due to the finite speed of light.

How do electromagnetic fields transform under a Lorentz boost?

Electromagnetic fields transform according to the Lorentz transformations. The electric field \( \mathbf{E} \) and magnetic field \( \mathbf{B} \) are related to the fields in another inertial frame moving with a velocity \( \mathbf{v} \). The transformations involve combinations of the fields and the velocity, leading to new values for \( \mathbf{E}' \) and \( \mathbf{B}' \) in the boosted frame.

What is the formula for transforming electric and magnetic fields under a Lorentz boost?

The transformation of electric and magnetic fields under a Lorentz boost along the x-direction can be expressed as follows: \[E'_x = E_x, \quad E'_y = \gamma (E_y - vB_z), \quad E'_z = \gamma (E_z + vB_y)\]\[B'_x = B_x, \quad B'_y = \gamma (B_y + \frac{v}{c^2}E_z), \quad B'_z = \gamma (B_z - \frac{v}{c^2}E_y)\]where \( \gamma = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - v^2/c^2}} \) is the Lorentz factor, \( v \) is the relative velocity, and \( c \) is the speed of light.

How can I apply the Lorentz transformation to arbitrary directions?

To apply the Lorentz transformation in arbitrary directions, you can decompose the velocity vector \( \mathbf{v} \) into components along the axes of the electromagnetic fields. Then, use the appropriate transformation equations for each component. This often involves using rotation matrices to align the boost direction with the coordinate axes before applying the standard Lorentz transformations.

What are some practical applications of transforming electromagnetic fields with Lorentz boosts?

Transforming electromagnetic fields with Lorentz boosts is crucial in various fields such as particle physics, astrophysics, and electromagnetic theory. It is used to analyze the behavior of charged particles in accelerators, understand radiation from moving charges, and study the relativistic effects in high-energy astrophysical phenomena like jets from quasars and gamma-ray bursts.

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