Identity involving exponential of operators

In summary, the conversation discusses a formula seen in a paper and asks for help in deriving it. The formula involves the operators ##\partial_x## and ##y##, and it is shown that by iteration, it can be simplified to ##[\partial_x, y] = 0##. The conversation also suggests using LaTeX for easier reading of formulae.
  • #1
thatboi
133
18
Hey all,
I saw a formula in this paper: (https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0011069.pdf), specifically equation (22):
1680505109627.png

and wanted to know if anyone knew how to derive it. It doesn't seem like a simple application of BCH to me.
Thanks.
 
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  • #2
Please use LaTeX to type formulae. It's much easier to read!

The trick is that
$$(\partial_x - \mathrm{i} e/\hbar By)\psi (\vec{x}) = \exp(\mathrm{i} e B x y/\hbar) \partial_x \left [\exp(-\mathrm{i} e B x y/\hbar) \psi(\vec{x}) \right]$$
for all ##\psi(\vec{x})## (in the domain of the operators applied ;-)).

By iteration it's further easy to see that for ##k \in \mathbb{N}##
$$(\partial_x - \mathrm{i} e/\hbar By)^k\psi (\vec{x}) = \exp(\mathrm{i} e B x y/\hbar) \partial_x^k \left [\exp(-\mathrm{i} e B x y/\hbar) \psi(\vec{x}) \right].$$
Plugging this into the series defining the operator exponential you get Eq. (22) of the paper.
 
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Likes thatboi, topsquark and gentzen
  • #3
Or, leaving out a lot of details: ##[\partial _x, y] = 0##.

-Dan
 

FAQ: Identity involving exponential of operators

What is the exponential of an operator?

The exponential of an operator \( \hat{A} \) is defined as \( e^{\hat{A}} \), analogous to the exponential function for real numbers. It can be formally expressed using its Taylor series: \( e^{\hat{A}} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{\hat{A}^n}{n!} \). This concept is widely used in quantum mechanics and other areas of physics and mathematics.

How do you compute the exponential of a matrix?

To compute the exponential of a matrix \( A \), denoted as \( e^A \), you can use the matrix's eigenvalues and eigenvectors, or apply numerical methods such as the Padé approximant or scaling and squaring. The series expansion \( e^A = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{A^n}{n!} \) is also a direct but sometimes impractical approach for large matrices.

What is the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula?

The Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff (BCH) formula provides a way to combine exponentials of non-commuting operators. For operators \( \hat{A} \) and \( \hat{B} \), it states that \( e^{\hat{A}} e^{\hat{B}} = e^{\hat{C}} \), where \( \hat{C} \) is a series involving commutators of \( \hat{A} \) and \( \hat{B} \). The formula is essential in quantum mechanics and Lie group theory.

What is the significance of the identity \( e^{\hat{A}} e^{\hat{B}} = e^{\hat{A} + \hat{B}} \) when \( \hat{A} \) and \( \hat{B} \) commute?

When two operators \( \hat{A} \) and \( \hat{B} \) commute, i.e., \( [\hat{A}, \hat{B}] = \hat{A}\hat{B} - \hat{B}\hat{A} = 0 \), the exponential of their sum is the product of their exponentials: \( e^{\hat{A}} e^{\hat{B}} = e^{\hat{A} + \hat{B}} \). This property simplifies many calculations in quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics.

How is the exponential of an operator used in quantum mechanics?

In quantum mechanics, the exponential of an operator is crucial for describing time evolution and state transformations. For example, the time evolution

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