Implicit Function Theorem for Solving Nonlinear Equations

In summary, the conversation discusses a problem from the book "Advanced Calculus of Several Variables" and the use of the Implicit Function Theorem to show the existence of a unique solution for an equation. The conversation also touches on the concept of tangent planes and their role in determining the uniqueness of the solution.
  • #1
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Homework Statement



I am currently working through the problems in Edwards book "Advanced Calculus of Several Variables". This is the problem (1.9 page 171):

Show that the equation z3 + ze(x+y) + 2 = 0 has a unique solution z=f(x, y) defined for all (x,у) an element of R3.

Homework Equations



Implicit Function Theorem as given in Edwards. (attached as an image)

The Attempt at a Solution



According to the hypotheses of the Implicit Function Theorem, it would seem that the only thing that is required to show for this problem is that the partial derivative with respect to z of the function G(x,y,z) = z3 + ze(x+y) + 2 is nonzero (which it is for all points (x,y)). Then the
result follows immediately from the Implicit Function Theorem. But this seems rather trivial?

I think my confusion stems from the misunderstanding of the Implicit Function Theorem. Is there any other books besides Edwards that have a very good discussion of the theorem?
 

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  • #2
so consider an arbirtray function [itex] f(x,y,z) : \mathBB{R}^3 \to \mathBB{R} [/itex]

considering a level curve of the function [itex] f(x,y,z) = c [/itex], effectively defines a surface in [itex] \mathBB{R}^3[/itex].

The question is then whether we can find a unique function z(x,y) to describe the surface.

Consider a tangent plane to [itex] f(x,y,z) = c [/itex], its normal will be [itex] \nabla f(x,y,z) = (\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} ,\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}, \frac{\partial f}{\partial z} [/itex].

If [itex]\frac{\partial f}{\partial z} = 0[/itex] the tangent plane is vertical and in that neighbourhood of x,y there is no unique z.

However is [itex]\frac{\partial f}{\partial z} \neq 0[/itex] then the tangent plane is well defined and a unique representation of z(x,y) will exist
 
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  • #3
Thanks lane for the explanation! It seems the problem is as simple as I thought it would be.
 

FAQ: Implicit Function Theorem for Solving Nonlinear Equations

What is the Implicit Function Theorem?

The Implicit Function Theorem is a mathematical theorem that relates to the existence and differentiability of functions defined implicitly by a set of equations. It allows us to solve for one variable in terms of another by taking derivatives of the equations.

How does the Implicit Function Theorem work?

The theorem states that if a set of equations has a continuous first derivative, then the resulting equations can be used to solve for one variable in terms of another. This is done by taking partial derivatives of the equations and setting them equal to zero to solve for the desired variable.

What is the difference between the Implicit Function Theorem and the Inverse Function Theorem?

The Implicit Function Theorem deals with functions defined implicitly by a set of equations, while the Inverse Function Theorem deals with functions that are explicitly defined. The Implicit Function Theorem is used to solve for one variable in terms of another, while the Inverse Function Theorem is used to find the inverse of a function.

What are some applications of the Implicit Function Theorem?

The Implicit Function Theorem has many applications in mathematics and science. It is commonly used in calculus to solve for implicit functions, in physics to model systems with multiple variables, and in economics to analyze supply and demand functions.

Is the Implicit Function Theorem always applicable?

No, the Implicit Function Theorem has certain conditions that must be met in order for it to be applicable. These conditions include having a continuous first derivative and a non-singular Jacobian matrix. If these conditions are not met, then the theorem may not be applicable.

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