Integrals: Why Change from M to $\phi(M)$?

In summary: I can't seem to find it anywhere so I'll post it here.The equality in the question is saying that the integrand on the left-hand side is the same as the integrand on the right-hand side. This is because ##M## is a manifold and ##\phi (M)## is a function that lives in that manifold.
  • #1
davidge
554
21
Yes, I know that I have already created another thread on this subject before. But, in this one, I would like to ask specifically why should we change from ##M## to ##\phi (M)## in the integral below?

$$ \int_M (\partial_\nu w_\mu - \partial_\mu w_\nu) \ dx^\nu \wedge dx^\mu = \int_{\phi (M)} (\partial_\nu w_\mu - \partial_\mu w_\nu) \ d^2x$$

Why is it needed to do so? And why after doing that change, we have to substitute ##dx^\nu \wedge dx^\mu## by ##d^2x## in the integrand?

I guess this is because ##M## is a manifold while ##\phi (M)## is a function. So we need to change the integrand to something that "lives" in the function space, namely ##d^2x##. Did I guess right?
 
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  • #2
This expression is wrong. On the RHS, no indices are contracted. And without any reference telling us what phi is, I don't think you'll get many reactions :)
 
  • #3
davidge said:
Yes, I know that I have already created another thread on this subject before. But, in this one, I would like to ask specifically why should we change from ##M## to ##\phi (M)## in the integral below?

$$ \int_M (\partial_\nu w_\mu - \partial_\mu w_\nu) \ dx^\nu \wedge dx^\mu = \int_{\phi (M)} (\partial_\nu w_\mu - \partial_\mu w_\nu) \ d^2x$$

Why is it needed to do so? And why after doing that change, we have to substitute ##dx^\nu \wedge dx^\mu## by ##d^2x## in the integrand?

I guess this is because ##M## is a manifold while ##\phi (M)## is a function. So we need to change the integrand to something that "lives" in the function space, namely ##d^2x##. Did I guess right?

Can you either post a link to wherever you saw this, or reproduce some of the context? I can't understand what your equality means. What is [itex]\phi(M)[/itex]?
 
  • #4
Thanks haushofer and stevendaryl. I got the answer to this question a while ago
 

FAQ: Integrals: Why Change from M to $\phi(M)$?

What is the purpose of changing from M to $\phi(M)$ in integrals?

The change from M to $\phi(M)$ in integrals is known as a variable substitution. It is used to simplify integrals and make them easier to solve by manipulating the integration bounds or the integrand. This change can also help in solving integrals involving trigonometric functions and other complicated expressions.

How do you determine the appropriate substitution for an integral?

The most common approach is to look for a function $\phi$ that will eliminate the complicated parts of the integrand or transform it into a more manageable form. Some common substitutions include trigonometric substitutions, u-substitution, and integration by parts. Additionally, it is important to choose a substitution that will not lead to a more complicated integral.

Can you explain the steps involved in changing from M to $\phi(M)$?

The first step is to identify the appropriate substitution by analyzing the integrand and determining which parts can be simplified or eliminated. Then, you need to express the new variable $\phi(M)$ in terms of M. Next, substitute $\phi(M)$ for M in the integrand and express the integration bounds in terms of $\phi(M)$ as well. Finally, solve the integral using the new variable $\phi(M)$ and convert the final answer back to the original variable M.

Are there any specific rules or guidelines for changing from M to $\phi(M)$ in integrals?

There are no specific rules, but there are some guidelines that can help in choosing an appropriate substitution. It is important to choose a substitution that will eliminate or simplify the integrand, but not make the integral more complicated. Additionally, the integration bounds should also be expressed in terms of the new variable. It may also be helpful to practice and gain experience in identifying and using substitutions in different types of integrals.

Can the change from M to $\phi(M)$ be applied to all types of integrals?

No, not all integrals can be solved using a change of variable. The integrand should have a certain level of complexity that can be simplified or eliminated by the substitution. Additionally, the integration bounds should also be expressed in terms of the new variable. Sometimes, it may not be possible to find an appropriate substitution for a particular integral, and other methods of integration may need to be used.

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