Integration by trig substitution

In summary, to solve the integral 6dz/(z^2*sqrt(z^2+9)), use the substitution z = 3*tan@ and then u = sin@. The final answer should be 2/3*ln|csc@| + C, where C is the constant of integration.
  • #1
doothang
1
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Homework Statement


the problem is INTEGRAL 6dz/(z^2(sqrt(z^2+9))


z^2+ a^2 , then z=a*tan@ where a here is 3, because 3^2=9 ,
i use @ here to represent theta

substituting this for z;

Int[6/(z^2(sqrt(z^2+9))]dz= Int[(6*3sec^2@d@)/(9tan^2@(sqrt(9tan^2@+9))]=
Int[(18sec^2@d@)/(9tan^2@(sqrt(9(tan^2@+1))]=
Int[(18sec^2@d@)/(9tan^2@(SQRT(9sec^2@))
=2/3Int[sec^2@/(tan^2@sec@)]d@
2/3int[sec@/tan^2@] d@
using sec@=1/cos@ and tan@=cos@/sin@
=2/3int[1/cos @*cos^2 @/sin^2 @] d@
=2/3int[cos @/sin^2 @] d@...from here i don't know what to do..please healp
 
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  • #2
doothang said:

Homework Statement


the problem is INTEGRAL 6dz/(z^2(sqrt(z^2+9))


z^2+ a^2 , then z=a*tan@ where a here is 3, because 3^2=9 ,
i use @ here to represent theta

substituting this for z;

Int[6/(z^2(sqrt(z^2+9))]dz= Int[(6*3sec^2@d@)/(9tan^2@(sqrt(9tan^2@+9))]=
Int[(18sec^2@d@)/(9tan^2@(sqrt(9(tan^2@+1))]=
Int[(18sec^2@d@)/(9tan^2@(SQRT(9sec^2@))
=2/3Int[sec^2@/(tan^2@sec@)]d@
2/3int[sec@/tan^2@] d@
using sec@=1/cos@ and tan@=cos@/sin@
=2/3int[1/cos @*cos^2 @/sin^2 @] d@
=2/3int[cos @/sin^2 @] d@...from here i don't know what to do..please healp

You've done all the hard work - the rest is easy. Let u = sin@, du = cos@d@.

Don't forget to undo both your substitutions to get back in terms of z.
 

FAQ: Integration by trig substitution

What is trig substitution in integration?

Trig substitution is a method used in calculus to evaluate integrals that involve square roots of quadratic expressions. It involves replacing the variable in the integral with a trigonometric function, such as sine, cosine, or tangent.

When should I use trig substitution?

Trig substitution is useful when the integral involves a quadratic expression that cannot be easily simplified or factored. This method is also helpful when the integrand contains both a quadratic term and a square root.

How do I choose the appropriate trig substitution?

The substitution you choose will depend on the form of the integrand. If the integrand contains √x2 - a2, use the substitution x = a sinθ. If it contains √x2 + a2, use x = a tanθ. And if it contains √a2 - x2, use x = a cosθ.

What are the steps for using trig substitution?

The steps for using trig substitution are:1. Identify the appropriate trig substitution.2. Substitute the trigonometric function for the variable in the integral.3. Use trigonometric identities to simplify the integrand.4. Evaluate the resulting integral.5. Substitute the original variable back in to get the final answer.

Are there any common mistakes to avoid when using trig substitution?

One common mistake is forgetting to substitute the original variable back in after evaluating the integral. It's also important to be careful when simplifying the integrand using trig identities, as it's easy to make mistakes. Another mistake is choosing the wrong trig substitution for the given integral.

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