Integration Using Trigonometric Substitution

In summary, "Integration Using Trigonometric Substitution" is a technique used in calculus to simplify the process of integrating certain types of functions, particularly those involving square roots of quadratic expressions. The method involves substituting trigonometric functions for variables in the integral, which transforms the integrand into a more manageable form. Common substitutions include \( x = a \sin(\theta) \), \( x = a \tan(\theta) \), and \( x = a \sec(\theta) \), depending on the specific expression being integrated. This approach not only makes the integral easier to solve but also allows for the use of trigonometric identities to facilitate the computation. After integration, the final step involves converting back to the original variable using inverse
  • #1
erobz
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I've got this integral I'm trying to find:

$$ \int \frac{d \theta}{ \sqrt{1 - \cos \theta}} $$

To me it smells like trig sub, so I investigate the right triangle:

1723165771053.png


Such that:

$$ \cos u = \sqrt{1-cos \theta} $$

we also have from the same triangle:

$$ \sin u = \sqrt{\cos \theta} $$

Square both sides and differentiate w.r.t ## \theta##

$$ \sin ^2 u = \cos \theta$$

$$ \frac{d}{d \theta} \sin ^2 u = \frac{d}{d \theta} \sqrt{ 1 - \sin^2 \theta } $$

$$ \implies 2 \sin u \cos u \frac{du}{d \theta} = -2 sin \theta \cos\theta $$

$$ \implies \sin ( 2 u ) \frac{du}{d\theta} = \sin (- 2 \theta ) $$

$$ \implies \frac{du}{d\theta} = -1 $$

Which should make the integral:

$$ - \int \frac{du}{\cos u} $$

Is that legitimate?
 
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  • #2
Rats...I see my tom foolery already in the derivative. Never mind!

I'll let it stand in case someone has a technique. My guess is it's in fact non-elementary as I don't see it in my integration tables...
 
Last edited:
  • #4
##1-\cos(\theta) = 2\sin^2(\frac\theta 2)##
 
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  • #5
martinbn said:
##1-\cos(\theta) = 2\sin^2(\frac\theta 2)##
Power reducing! I guess that makes it quite solvable indeed!

Thank You!
 
  • #8
fresh_42 said:
Yes, it is. But, honestly, I have looked at the solution on WA, and it did not look nice.
What is WA?
 

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