Interesting Use Of Pigeonhole Principle

In summary, the article from Scientific American discusses a simple theorem that states that approximately 8,000 people around the world have the same number of hairs on their head. The author shares their own personal experience with this theorem being used in education and also mentions a related exercise involving pigeonhole principle and bird nests.
Mathematics news on Phys.org
  • #2
It opens for me, it must be free. The example is fairly well known. I've seen it more than once since I was a child.
 
  • Like
Likes bhobba and FactChecker
  • #3
The SA article opened fine for me. I do not recall human head hairiness as a sage example of teaching the pigeonhole principle.

I do recall a teacher using using this premise to discuss boundary value problems and limits, as in how does one define the hairiness counting space, do facial hairs count, neck hairs, etc. Lively discussion ensued before the class delved into Dirichlet problem, Green's function and general boundary conditions. Perhaps I simply do not remember a pigeonhole reference.

Most striking for me was learning the pigeonhole principle at my first college adjacent to the Old Mission in Santa Barbara, CA. Mud swallows had colonized the eaves, building small spherical nests with distinctive round openings. Our geometry/stats teacher had us delineate a nesting section then attempt to count the birds returning from insect hunts entering the nests.

While not a precise exercise, we learned a practical lesson.

ent%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F09%2FSan-Juan-swallow-nests.jpg


Picture of swallow nests from Mission San Juan Capistrano in California.
 
  • Like
Likes bhobba

FAQ: Interesting Use Of Pigeonhole Principle

1. What is the Pigeonhole Principle?

The Pigeonhole Principle is a simple yet powerful concept in combinatorics that states that if \( n \) items are put into \( m \) containers, with \( n > m \), then at least one container must contain more than one item. This principle can be applied in various fields to demonstrate the inevitability of certain outcomes.

2. How can the Pigeonhole Principle be applied in real-life scenarios?

One common application is in the realm of social networking. For example, if there are 13 people in a room, at least two of them must have been born in the same month, since there are only 12 months in a year. This principle helps to illustrate how seemingly random distributions can lead to predictable results.

3. Can the Pigeonhole Principle be used in computer science?

Yes, the Pigeonhole Principle is frequently used in computer science, particularly in algorithms and data structures. For instance, it can help in proving the existence of collisions in hash functions, where multiple inputs might hash to the same output. This principle underscores the limitations of certain algorithms and the need for better designs to handle such cases.

4. What is a famous example of the Pigeonhole Principle in mathematics?

A classic example is the problem of showing that in any group of 23 people, at least two will share the same birthday. This conclusion arises from the fact that there are 365 possible birthdays (pigeonholes) and 23 people (pigeons), making it statistically likely that at least one birthday will be repeated.

5. How does the Pigeonhole Principle relate to probability theory?

The Pigeonhole Principle can be used to derive certain probabilistic outcomes. For example, it can illustrate how in a set of random selections, the likelihood of overlaps increases as the number of selections exceeds the number of available options. This relationship is essential in understanding concepts such as the birthday paradox and collision probabilities in various applications.

Back
Top