Intermolecular forces/energy in supersaturated solutions

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In summary, there are two main components to understanding solutions: forces and energy. First, solute must be broken apart against the intermolecular forces holding it together, which requires energy absorption (endothermic). Then, solvent must also be broken apart to create space for the solute, also requiring energy absorption (endothermic). Finally, when the two come together, their intermolecular forces cause them to minimize potential energy, resulting in the release of heat (exothermic). This explanation can be extended to include supersaturation, which is typically explained in terms of activation energy required for crystallization. While it is related to intermolecular forces, combining these approaches is still a challenge.
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mishima
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There is a way to think about solutions using forces and energy. First a chunk of solute must be broken apart, doing work against the intermolecular forces keeping it together (energy absorbed, endothermic). Then the solvent must be broken apart, in order to create "holes" or space for the solute to go into. This also requires work against the intermolecular forces keeping it together (energy absorbed, endothermic). Finally, as a mix the solute and solvent particles come together because of their intermolecular forces at locations which minimize their potential energy (heat is released, exothermic).

I like this explanation of solutions, found in Tro's Principles of Chemistry. I would like to extend it to include super/un/saturation. Is something like supersaturation (practically) explainable in terms of intermolecular forces and energy?
 
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Supersaturation is typically explained in terms of activation energy required to start crystallization. It is definitely related to intermolecular forces, but I have no idea how to combine these approaches.
 

FAQ: Intermolecular forces/energy in supersaturated solutions

What are intermolecular forces?

Intermolecular forces are attractive or repulsive forces between molecules. These forces are responsible for holding molecules together in a substance and determining its physical properties.

What is a supersaturated solution?

A supersaturated solution is a solution that contains more solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature and pressure. This results in a solution that is unstable and prone to precipitation.

How do intermolecular forces affect supersaturated solutions?

Intermolecular forces play a crucial role in supersaturated solutions as they determine the stability and solubility of the solute in the solvent. Stronger intermolecular forces will result in a more stable solution, while weaker forces may lead to precipitation.

How does temperature affect intermolecular forces in supersaturated solutions?

Increasing temperature can weaken intermolecular forces in a supersaturated solution, making it less stable and more likely to precipitate. This is because higher temperatures provide more energy for the molecules to overcome the attractive forces and separate from the solution.

What is the relationship between intermolecular energy and supersaturated solutions?

The intermolecular energy in a supersaturated solution refers to the energy required to break the intermolecular forces and allow the solute to precipitate. In a stable solution, the intermolecular energy is high, while in an unstable solution, the energy is low and the solute is more likely to precipitate.

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