Is Orientability Preserved by Local Diffeomorphisms?

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In summary, orientability is a property of a manifold that determines whether it can be consistently assigned a notion of clockwise or counterclockwise orientation, while local diffeomorphisms are smooth, bijective maps that preserve the local structure of the manifold. It is important to study whether orientability is preserved by local diffeomorphisms as it has applications in topology, differential geometry, and dynamical systems. However, orientability is not always preserved by local diffeomorphisms, as they only preserve the local structure of a manifold. An example of a local diffeomorphism that does not preserve orientability is the map from a Möbius strip to a cylinder. Other properties that are preserved by local diffeom
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Euge
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Here is this week's POTW:

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Suppose $f : M \to N$ is a local diffeomorphism between two smooth manifolds. Show that orientability of $N$ implies orientability of $M$.

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No one answered this week's problem. You can read my solution below.
Assume $N$ is orientable. Then $N$ can be expressed as the union of open sets of the form $x_\alpha(U_\alpha)$, where $x_\alpha : U_\alpha \to N$ is a local parametrization in $N$ such that whenever $W_{\alpha\beta}:= x_\alpha(U_\alpha) \cap x_\beta(U_\beta) \neq \emptyset$, the change of coordinates map $x_\beta^{-1}\circ x_\alpha : x_{\alpha}^{-1}(W_{\alpha\beta}) \to x_{\beta}^{-1}(W_{\alpha\beta})$ has positive Jacobian. Let $m\in M$, and $x_m : U_m \to N$ be a local parametrization with $x_m(U_m)\ni f(m)$. Since $f$ is a local diffeomorphism, there exists an open neighborhood $V_m$ of $m$ such that $f(V_m)$ is open in $N$. Consider the open set $Z_m:= x_m^{-1}(x_m(U_m) \cap f(V_m))$. Then $f^{-1}\circ x_m : Z_m \to f^{-1}(x_m(U_m) \cap f(V_m))\subset M$ is a parametrization in $M$.

The collection $\{(Z_m, f^{-1}\circ x_m)\}_{m\in M}$ of parametrizations make an orientable cover of $M$. For if $W_{mn} := Z_m \cap Z_n \neq \emptyset$, the change of variables map $(f^{-1}\circ x_m)^{-1}\circ (f^{-1}\circ x_n) : x_n^{-1}(f^{-1}(W_{mn})) \to x_m^{-1}(f^{-1}(W_{mn}))$ is the map $x_m^{-1}\circ f \circ f^{-1}\circ x_n = x_m^{-1}\circ x_n$, which has positive Jacobian by assumption. Therefore, $M$ is orientable.
 

FAQ: Is Orientability Preserved by Local Diffeomorphisms?

What is Orientability Preserved by Local Diffeomorphisms?

Orientability Preserved by Local Diffeomorphisms is a mathematical concept that states that the orientation of a manifold (a mathematical space) is preserved when it is transformed by a local diffeomorphism (a smooth and invertible transformation).

Why is Orientability Preserved by Local Diffeomorphisms important?

This concept is important because it allows for the study of manifolds in a way that is independent of the coordinate system used. It also has applications in various fields of mathematics, such as topology and differential geometry.

How is Orientability Preserved by Local Diffeomorphisms proven?

The proof of Orientability Preserved by Local Diffeomorphisms relies on the definition of orientation and the properties of diffeomorphisms. It can be shown using mathematical techniques such as differential forms and homology theory.

Can Orientability Preserved by Local Diffeomorphisms be violated?

Yes, it is possible for Orientability Preserved by Local Diffeomorphisms to be violated. This can happen if the transformation is not smooth or if it is not invertible. In such cases, the orientation of the manifold may change.

What are some real-world examples of Orientability Preserved by Local Diffeomorphisms?

Orientability Preserved by Local Diffeomorphisms has applications in various fields, such as fluid dynamics, where the orientation of a fluid flow is preserved by a diffeomorphism. It also has applications in computer graphics, where transformations of 3D objects must preserve their orientation.

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