Is V Perpendicular a Subset of U Perpendicular in Subspaces of Rn?

  • Thread starter Thread starter stunner5000pt
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Subspace
AI Thread Summary
In the discussion about whether V perpendicular is a subset of U perpendicular in subspaces of Rn, participants explore the relationships between the orthogonal complements of subspaces U and V. It is established that if U is a proper subset of V, then U perpendicular is orthogonal to both U and V. The conversation emphasizes that V perpendicular must also be orthogonal to U, leading to the conclusion that V perpendicular contains fewer elements than U perpendicular. Participants seek a formal proof or theorem to support the assertion that the orthogonal complement of a larger subspace is indeed a proper subset of the orthogonal complement of a smaller subspace. The discussion remains focused on finding a mathematical justification for these relationships.
stunner5000pt
1,443
4
Suppose U, V are proper subsets of Rn and are subspaces and U is a proper subset of V. PRove that V perp is a proper subset of U perp

Ok SO let U ={u1, u2, ..., un}
let V = {v1,...vn}
let V perp = {x1,x2,..., xn}
let U perp = {w1,...wn}
certainly u1 . w1 = 0
(u1 + u2 ) . (w1+w2) = 0
cu1 . cw1 = 0

everything till now is pretty much basically understood
i can't find a wayu to maek a proof work... Any hints would be appreciated!
I really want to be able to get this one!
 
Physics news on Phys.org
can anyone help?

i am still stuck on this problem and i need to solve it ...

ok so far i get this part
if U perp is orthognal to U then U perp is orthogonal to V.
If V perp is orthognal to V then V perp is orthogonal to U
this V perp is orthogonal to U perp

then Wn . Xn = 0
now U^{\bot} \bigcap U = \{0\}
and U^{\bot} \bigcap V = \{0\}
similarly it applies for V perp
so both U perp and V perp include elements that are perpendicular to U and V and contain everything (but zero) that is perpendicular to U and V, thus not included in U and V.
Now how would i relate U perp and V perp to each other. Is there a theorem that says that the perpendicular space to a bigger subspace is smaller than the perpendicular subspace to the subspace contained in the bigger subspace??
 
I multiplied the values first without the error limit. Got 19.38. rounded it off to 2 significant figures since the given data has 2 significant figures. So = 19. For error I used the above formula. It comes out about 1.48. Now my question is. Should I write the answer as 19±1.5 (rounding 1.48 to 2 significant figures) OR should I write it as 19±1. So in short, should the error have same number of significant figures as the mean value or should it have the same number of decimal places as...
Thread 'Minimum mass of a block'
Here we know that if block B is going to move up or just be at the verge of moving up will act downwards and maximum static friction will act downwards Now what im confused by is how will we know " how quickly" block B reaches its maximum static friction value without any numbers, the suggested solution says that when block A is at its maximum extension, then block B will start to move up but with a certain set of values couldn't block A reach...
Thread 'Calculation of Tensile Forces in Piston-Type Water-Lifting Devices at Elevated Locations'
Figure 1 Overall Structure Diagram Figure 2: Top view of the piston when it is cylindrical A circular opening is created at a height of 5 meters above the water surface. Inside this opening is a sleeve-type piston with a cross-sectional area of 1 square meter. The piston is pulled to the right at a constant speed. The pulling force is(Figure 2): F = ρshg = 1000 × 1 × 5 × 10 = 50,000 N. Figure 3: Modifying the structure to incorporate a fixed internal piston When I modify the piston...
Back
Top