IVP problem using Laplace transform and partial fractions

In summary, the IVP (Initial Value Problem) using Laplace transform involves transforming a differential equation with given initial conditions into the s-domain, allowing for easier manipulation and solution. The Laplace transform converts the equation into an algebraic form, while partial fractions are used to simplify the resulting expression, enabling the inverse Laplace transform to be applied. This process yields the solution to the original differential equation in the time domain, incorporating the initial conditions specified.
  • #1
member 731016
Homework Statement
please see below
Relevant Equations
Please see below
For this problem,
1717973011624.png

The solution is,
1717973072290.png

However, I'm confused by the partial fraction decomposition of ##\frac{2}{s^4(s^2 + 1)}##

I never done that sort of thing before. However, I think it would be done like this (Please correct me if I am wrong, the algebra is crazy here).

##\frac{2}{s^4(s^2 + 1)} = \frac{A}{s} + \frac{Bs + C}{s^2} + \frac{Ds^2 + Es + F}{s^3} + \frac{Gs^3 + Hs^2 + Js + K}{s^4} + \frac{Ls + M}{s^2 + 1}##

It seems rather tedious because of the ##\frac{1}{s^4}##, but is that correct (There may be a simpler method but I can't see it).

Thanks!
 
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  • #2
ChiralSuperfields said:
Homework Statement: please see below
Relevant Equations: Please see below

For this problem,
View attachment 346713
The solution is,
View attachment 346714
However, I'm confused by the partial fraction decomposition of ##\frac{2}{s^4(s^2 + 1)}##

I never done that sort of thing before. However, I think it would be done like this (Please correct me if I am wrong, the algebra is crazy here).

##\frac{2}{s^4(s^2 + 1)} = \frac{A}{s} + \frac{Bs + C}{s^2} + \frac{Ds^2 + Es + F}{s^3} + \frac{Gs^3 + Hs^2 + Js + K}{s^4} + \frac{Ls + M}{s^2 + 1}##
No, that isn't right. For repeated linear factors and their powers (i.e., ##s, s^2, s^3, s^4##), the decomposition would look like this:
##\frac{2}{s^4(s^2 + 1)} = \frac{A}{s} + \frac{B}{s^2} + \frac{C}{s^3} + \frac{D}{s^4} + \frac{Es + F}{s^2 + 1}##.
The ##As + B## numerators would go with irreducible quadratic factors, such as the ##s^2 + 1## factor in the denominator.
ChiralSuperfields said:
It seems rather tedious because of the ##\frac{1}{s^4}##, but is that correct (There may be a simpler method but I can't see it).

Thanks!
 
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FAQ: IVP problem using Laplace transform and partial fractions

What is an IVP problem?

An Initial Value Problem (IVP) is a type of differential equation that specifies the value of the unknown function at a particular point. It typically involves finding a function that satisfies a differential equation along with initial conditions that provide specific values of the function and possibly its derivatives at that point.

How do Laplace transforms help in solving IVP problems?

Laplace transforms convert differential equations into algebraic equations, which are often easier to solve. By taking the Laplace transform of both sides of a differential equation, we can manipulate the equation algebraically, solve for the transformed function, and then apply the inverse Laplace transform to find the solution in the time domain.

What is the role of partial fractions in this context?

Partial fractions are used to simplify the algebraic expressions obtained after applying the Laplace transform. When the transformed equation results in a rational function, partial fraction decomposition allows us to break it down into simpler fractions, which can be more easily inverted back to the time domain using known Laplace transform pairs.

Can you provide an example of using Laplace transforms and partial fractions to solve an IVP?

Sure! Consider the IVP: y'' + 3y' + 2y = 0, with initial conditions y(0) = 1 and y'(0) = 0. Taking the Laplace transform, we get: s²Y(s) + 3sY(s) + 2Y(s) = 0. Applying the initial conditions, we can solve for Y(s) = 1 / (s² + 3s + 2). We then factor the denominator and use partial fractions to express Y(s) as A/(s+1) + B/(s+2), allowing us to find A and B, and then apply the inverse Laplace transform to obtain y(t).

What are some common pitfalls when using Laplace transforms and partial fractions?

Common pitfalls include forgetting to apply initial conditions correctly, making algebraic errors during the transformation or decomposition process, and incorrectly applying the inverse Laplace transform. It's also important to ensure that the function is piecewise continuous and of exponential order for the Laplace transform to be valid.

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