Magnet's force on a metal ball

In summary, the conversation discusses the force on a magnetic dipole in a magnetic field, given by the formula $$ \vec F = (\vec p_m\cdot \nabla) \vec B_0$$, where B_0 is the external field. The conversation then delves into the force on a magnetic material with permeability \mu, which is defined as $$M = \frac{\sum p_m}{V}$$ and is dependent on the field inside the material, H. The force on the material is given by $$ F = (\mu - 1) \int H \frac{dB_0}{dr} dV$$ and is also affected by the material's magnetization. The conversation also discusses
  • #1
sergiokapone
302
17
As one know, the force on mangnetic dipole in magnetic field is
$$ \vec F = (\vec p_m\cdot \nabla) \vec B_0$$,
where [itex]B_0[/itex] -- external field.
Let consider a some magnetic matherial with permeability [itex]\mu[/itex]. The magnetization of matherial is $$M = (\mu - 1) H$$ (in SI units) and by deffinition $$M = \frac{\sum p_m}{V},$$
where [itex]H[/itex] -- field inside matherial, [itex]H = \frac{B}{\mu\mu_0}[/itex], [itex]B[/itex]-- field inside matherial.

Let suppose, the material is magnetized so that $$\vec p_m \uparrow \uparrow \vec B_0$$, so the force on magnetic matherial is
$$ F = (\mu - 1) \int H \frac{dB_0}{dr} dV.$$

For the ball, we know the dependence between external and internal field:
$$B = \frac{3\mu}{\mu+2} B_0,$$
and
$$H = \frac{3}{\mu_0(\mu+2)} B_0.$$

Thus, the force on metall ball in a magnetic field:
$$ F = \frac{3(\mu - 1)}{\mu_0(\mu + 2)} \int B_0 \frac{dB_0}{dr} dV = \frac{3(\mu - 1)}{2\mu_0(\mu + 2)} \int \frac{dB_0^2}{dr} dV.$$

If the ball is made of feromagnetic matherial, then [itex]\mu \gg 1[/itex], then the force does not depend on [itex]\mu[/itex]:
$$ F = \frac{3}{2\mu_0} \int \frac{dB_0^2}{dr} dV.$$

Is the formula correct? Or, can be, I somewhere essentially made a mistake?
 
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  • #2
sergiokapone said:
... so the force on magnetic matherial is $$
F = (\mu - 1) \int H \frac{dB_0}{dr} dV.$$
I don't see how that follows from ##\vec F = (\vec p_m\cdot \vec{\nabla}) \vec B_0.##
It's not clear whether you are using spherical or cylindrical coordinates, but even if ##\vec B_0## has azimuthal symmetry, there should be a ##\theta## dependence in spherical coordinates and a ##z## dependence in cylindrical coordinates.
 

FAQ: Magnet's force on a metal ball

1. How does a magnet exert force on a metal ball?

A magnet exerts a force on a metal ball through its magnetic field. The magnetic field lines of the magnet interact with the electrons in the metal ball, causing them to align and create a force between the two objects.

2. What factors affect the strength of a magnet's force on a metal ball?

The strength of a magnet's force on a metal ball is affected by the strength of the magnet, the distance between the magnet and the ball, and the magnetic properties of the metal ball itself. The type of metal used also plays a role in the strength of the force.

3. Can a magnet's force on a metal ball be increased?

Yes, a magnet's force on a metal ball can be increased by using a stronger magnet, decreasing the distance between the magnet and the ball, or using a different type of metal with stronger magnetic properties.

4. How does the shape of a magnet affect its force on a metal ball?

The shape of a magnet can affect its force on a metal ball by changing the distribution of its magnetic field. A magnet with a more concentrated field, such as a bar magnet, will have a stronger force on a metal ball than a magnet with a more dispersed field, such as a horseshoe magnet.

5. Can a magnet's force on a metal ball be reversed?

Yes, a magnet's force on a metal ball can be reversed by flipping the orientation of the magnet. This means that the side of the magnet that was previously attracting the metal ball will now repel it, and vice versa.

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