Materials that change thermal properties by applying electrical input?

In summary, the conversation discusses the possibility of creating a heat switch using superconductors at low temperatures. The use of a metallic superconductor in a normal state as a heat transfer channel, along with another superconductor generating a magnetic field, allows for a high ratio of on/off conductance, up to 1000x.
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Do such materials exist? If they do, are there materials that go from very high to very low thermal conductivity depending on electrical input?
 
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A heat switch can be made with superconductors at low temperature. A metallic superconductor below its critical temperature will not conduct heat very well because of electron pairing, while above the critical temperature (normal state) it will conduct heat very well. This metal is used as a heat transfer channel, while another superconductor in close proximity generates a magnetic field from a bias current. This magnetic field will force the heat channel to toggle between its normal and superconducting state. The ratio varies between on/off conductance varies but can be as high as 1000x.
 
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FAQ: Materials that change thermal properties by applying electrical input?

1. What are materials that change thermal properties by applying electrical input?

These are materials that exhibit the phenomenon of "electrocaloric effect," in which their temperature changes significantly in response to an applied electric field.

2. How do these materials work?

These materials typically have a high dielectric constant, which means they can store a large amount of electrical energy. When an electric field is applied, the material's molecules reorient themselves, leading to a change in temperature.

3. What are some potential applications of these materials?

These materials have potential applications in refrigeration and cooling systems, as they can provide a more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional refrigerants. They can also be used in thermal energy storage and in temperature control systems for electronic devices.

4. Are there any limitations to using these materials?

One limitation is that the electrocaloric effect is only significant within a narrow temperature range, typically around room temperature. This can limit their use in certain applications. Additionally, some of these materials may be expensive or difficult to manufacture.

5. Are there any other materials that can change thermal properties by applying electrical input?

Yes, there are other materials that exhibit similar effects, such as magnetocaloric materials, which change temperature in response to a magnetic field, and mechanocaloric materials, which change temperature in response to a mechanical force.

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