Minimum distance to avoid collision using relative motion

In summary, the problem involves two cars traveling in opposite directions with different velocities and uniform retardation. To find the minimum separation between them to avoid collision, the distance required for each car to come to a stop is calculated using equations of motion and added together. Alternatively, the problem can also be solved using relative motion, but the mistake in the attempt is not taking into account the change in relative acceleration when one of the cars stops. The correct answer is 150m, until one of the cars stops and the other continues to travel an additional 75m.
  • #1
cr7einstein
87
2

Homework Statement



2 cars with velocities 10 m/s and 20 m/s are traveling in opposite directions, having uniform retardation of 2m/s^2 and 1m/s^2 respectively. Find minimum separation between them such that they don't collide.

Homework Equations


$$v^2=u^2 + 2as$$
$$V_{12}=v_{1}-v_{2}$$

The Attempt at a Solution


It can easily be solved by finding the distance they require to come to a stop using equations of motion, and adding them up, i.e. $$d_{min}=\frac{v_{1}^2}{2a_{1}} + \frac{v_{2}^2}{2a_{2}}$$. This gives, upon substituting, $$225 $$metres as the answer, which is correct.
The problem is, I want to do it using relative motion. Suppose 1st car is moving along positive X axis towards right, and car 2 towards left. In frame of 2nd car, $$v_{12}=v_{1}-(-v_{2})=v_{1}+v_{2}=20+10=30 m/s$$. Similarly, acceleration of car 1 must be towards left (opposite to velocity) and towards right for car 2. Thus, $$a_{12}= -3m/s^2$$. Now, in frame of car 2, car 1 comes in with a velocity 30m/s and retardation (-3)m/s^2. In order to avoid collision, it has to cover the distance between them such that its velocity upon reaching 2 becomes zero(the distance here is the minimum distance), i.e. $$v_{12f}=0$$. Using $$v^2=u^2 + 2as$$, we get $$(0)^2=(30)^2+2(-3)(x)$$, which on solving gives
$$x=150m$$.
I don't understand what is my mistake. Please point it out. Thanks in advance!
 
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  • #2
Which car stops first? What happens to the relative acceleration then?
 
  • #3
@DEvens, Do you mean to say that after one of the cars stop, the relative acceleration changes? Well it does but then does it mean that the 150m I get is valid only until one of the car stops, and the other still travels 75 more metres?
 

FAQ: Minimum distance to avoid collision using relative motion

What is minimum distance to avoid collision using relative motion?

The minimum distance to avoid collision using relative motion is the closest distance that two objects can approach each other without colliding, while taking into account their relative velocities and positions. This concept is often used in navigation and collision avoidance systems in various fields, such as aviation, maritime, and space.

How is minimum distance to avoid collision using relative motion calculated?

The minimum distance to avoid collision using relative motion is calculated by taking into account the relative positions and velocities of the two objects, as well as their respective trajectories. This calculation can be done using mathematical equations or computer algorithms.

Why is minimum distance to avoid collision using relative motion important?

Minimum distance to avoid collision using relative motion is important because it helps prevent accidents and collisions between moving objects. By calculating and maintaining a safe minimum distance, the risk of collision is reduced, ensuring the safety of both the objects and any passengers or crew members on board.

What factors can affect the minimum distance to avoid collision using relative motion?

Several factors can affect the minimum distance to avoid collision using relative motion. These include the speed and direction of the objects, their mass and size, external forces such as wind or currents, and any changes in their trajectories. Other factors, such as human error or technical malfunctions, can also impact the minimum distance to avoid collision.

How can minimum distance to avoid collision using relative motion be improved?

To improve the minimum distance to avoid collision using relative motion, advanced navigation and collision avoidance systems can be used. These systems use various technologies, such as radar, sonar, and GPS, to accurately calculate and maintain safe distances between objects. Additionally, proper training and adherence to safety protocols can also help improve the minimum distance to avoid collision.

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