Molecular movement, potential energy and angular frequency

In summary, the relative motion of two atoms in a molecule can be described as the motion of a single body with a potential energy function that has a minimum value at the equilibrium separation of the atoms. The log10 of the angular frequency of the oscillations can be found by solving for r0 and approximating the function around r0 as F = -kr.
  • #1
smhippe
19
0

Homework Statement


The relative motion of two atoms in a molecule can be described as the motion of a single body of mass m = 3 x 10-26 kg moving in one dimension, with a potential energy given by the equation
U(r)=(A/(r^12))-(B/(r^12))
n this equation A = 10^10 J m^12 and B = 10^20 J m^6 are positive constants and r is the separation between the atoms. This potential energy function has a minimum value at r=r0, which corresponds to an equilibrium separation of the atoms in the molecule. If the atoms are moved slightly, they will oscillate around this equilibrium separation. What is the log10 of the angular frequency of these oscillations?

The Attempt at a Solution


I really don't understand this. I looked up an equation that related potential gravity to SHM. I think that is a good start right? So I can set potential energy U(r) equal to this equation
U(t)=(1/2)(a^2)cos^2(wt+[tex]\varphi[/tex]). The problem is U(t) is a function of time not position. So could I differentiate one of these equations to get the right one? Or am I completely wrong in my thought process?
 
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  • #2
Sorry about that, I'm trying to avoid using the equation editor...
(A/r^12)-(B/r^6)
Hopefully that makes some more sense.
 
  • #3
You can solve for [tex] r_0[/tex] since you know [tex]u(r)[/tex] has a minimum there. You need to get an equation of the form [tex] F = -kr [/tex] so approximate the function around [tex] r_0 [/tex], and remember [tex] F = -\frac{du(r)}{dr}[/tex].
 

FAQ: Molecular movement, potential energy and angular frequency

What is molecular movement?

Molecular movement refers to the motion of molecules within a substance. This can include translation, rotation, and vibration of the molecules.

What is potential energy?

Potential energy is the energy that an object possesses due to its position or configuration. In the context of molecules, it refers to the energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms.

What is angular frequency?

Angular frequency is a measure of how quickly an object is rotating or oscillating around a fixed point. In the context of molecules, it can refer to the rate at which molecules are vibrating or rotating.

How does molecular movement affect potential energy?

The movement of molecules can affect their potential energy by changing the positions of atoms and the strength of chemical bonds. For example, when molecules vibrate or rotate, their potential energy can increase or decrease depending on the strength of the bonds between atoms.

What factors affect the angular frequency of molecules?

The angular frequency of molecules can be affected by factors such as temperature, molecular mass, and the strength of intermolecular forces. Higher temperatures and lighter molecules tend to have higher angular frequencies, while stronger intermolecular forces can decrease the frequency of molecular movement.

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