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Mutual inductance is a phenomenon in which an electrical current flowing through one circuit creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in a nearby circuit. This effect allows for energy transfer between the two circuits.
The mutual inductance between two circuits can be measured by applying a known alternating current to one circuit and measuring the resulting voltage induced in the other circuit.
The formula for mutual inductance is M = N1 * Φ21 / I1, where M is the mutual inductance, N1 is the number of turns in the first circuit, Φ21 is the magnetic flux passing through the second circuit, and I1 is the current in the first circuit.
Mutual inductance is a crucial factor in transformer efficiency. A higher mutual inductance between the primary and secondary coils of a transformer allows for a more efficient transfer of energy between the two circuits.
Mutual inductance has many practical applications, including in power transmission, wireless charging, and electromagnetic induction used in generators and motors. It is also essential in technologies such as RFID and wireless communication.