Newton's 2nd Law and Orbital Motion

In summary, The conversation discusses the problem of orbital motion and how to approach it. The formula for the magnetic force on a charged particle in a magnetic field is given and the relativistic form of Newton's 2nd law is used to show the frequency of orbital motion. It is also mentioned that the same analysis used in the classical case can be applied, but with the substitution of B by B / \gamma. Differentiating and substituting, it is shown that the motion is sinusoidal with frequency \Omega.
  • #1
runevxii
7
1
Here's the problem...unfortunately I don't remember much about orbital motion. I'm a bit stuck on where to begin. If somebody could give me a little advice on how to tackle this problem I would appreciate it.

Recall that the magnetic force on a charge q moving with velocity v in a magnetic field B is equal to qvXB. If a charged particle moves in a circular orbit with a fixed speed v in the presence of a constant magnetic field, use the relativistic form of Newton's 2nd law to show that the frequency of its orbital motion is

f=((qB)/(2pim))(1-(v^2/c^2))^(1/2)
 
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  • #2
If the speed is constant then

[tex]\frac {d \vec v}{dt} = \vec v \times \vec \Omega[/tex]

where [itex]\vec \Omega = q \vec B / m_0[/itex]. There are a number of ways to proceed from here but it should be apparent that the same analysis you did in the classical case will work except that B is replaced by [itex]B / \gamma[/itex] from which your result follows.
 
  • #3
still stuck

Still stuck since I don't really remember the classical case.
 
  • #4
In that case, consider ...

[tex]\frac {d v_x} {dt} = \Omega v_y[/tex]

and

[tex]\frac {d v_y} {dt } = - \Omega v_x[/tex]

Differentiate, say, the first and substitute the second into the first:

[tex]\frac {d^2 v_x} {dt^2} = - \Omega^2 v_x[/tex]

from which it should be evident that the motion is sinusoidal with frequency [itex]\Omega[/itex].
 
Last edited:

Related to Newton's 2nd Law and Orbital Motion

1. What is Newton's 2nd Law and how does it apply to orbital motion?

Newton's 2nd Law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. This means that the larger the force acting on an object, the greater its acceleration will be, and the more massive an object is, the less it will accelerate. In orbital motion, this law explains how the gravitational force between two objects (such as a planet and a satellite) causes the satellite to accelerate towards the planet, resulting in an elliptical orbit.

2. How does the mass of an object affect its orbital motion?

The mass of an object affects its orbital motion in two ways. Firstly, as mentioned in Newton's 2nd Law, the more massive an object is, the less it will accelerate under the same force. This means that objects with greater mass will have slower orbital speeds. Secondly, the mass of an object also affects the strength of its gravitational pull, which can impact the orbit of other objects around it.

3. How does the distance between two objects affect their orbital motion?

The distance between two objects has a significant impact on their orbital motion. According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, the force of gravity between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This means that the farther apart two objects are, the weaker their gravitational pull will be, resulting in slower orbital speeds and larger orbits.

4. What is meant by centripetal force in relation to orbital motion?

In orbital motion, centripetal force is the force that keeps an object in its circular or elliptical orbit around another object. This force is provided by the gravitational pull between the two objects and is directed towards the center of the orbit. Without this force, the object would move in a straight line instead of a curved path.

5. How can we calculate the orbital velocity of an object?

The orbital velocity of an object can be calculated using the formula v = √(GM/r), where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the central object, and r is the distance between the two objects. This formula applies to circular orbits, but for elliptical orbits, the average orbital velocity can be calculated using the formula v = √(GM(2/r - 1/a)), where a is the semi-major axis of the orbit.

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