Newton's Cradle: Law of Conservation of Energy & Momentum

In summary, using the law of conservation of energy and the given values, the initial velocity of the first ball in the Newton's cradle can be calculated to be 0.7668 m/s. However, the velocity of the final ball after the collision cannot be determined accurately due to intervening balls and energy losses. A better question would have been to find the velocity of the last ball assuming all intervening balls have the same final velocity.
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Homework Statement


Newton's cradle. Each ball is 50 g. First ball is raised to 3.0 cm, and the final ball reaches 2.6 cm after the collision.
1) Use the law of conservation of energy to calculate its velocity before impact.
2) Use the law of conservation of momentum to determine the velocity of the ball on the other side after the collision.

Homework Equations


Ek + Ep = Ek + Ep (+ W; is W relevant here?)
m1v2 + m2v2 = m1v2' + m2v2'

The Attempt at a Solution


1) Ek + Ep = Ek + Ep
1/2mvi2 + mgh1 = 1/2mvf2 + mgh2
0 + (0.050kg)(9.80m/s2)(0.030m) = 1/2(0.050kg)vf2 + 0
vf = 0.7668 m/s

2) p = p'
m1v2 + m2v2 = m1v2' + m2v2'
(0.050kg)(0.7668m/s) + 0 = 0 + (0.050kg)v2'
v2' = 0.7668 m/s

Is the height of the final ball involved in any of the calculations? I feel like it should be, but I can't figure it out.
 
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  • #2
The second question makes no sense to me.
You can find that velocity from the height reached by the final ball. We cannot find it by conservation of momentum because there are intervening balls, and we do not know what velocities they end up with. If everything were perfectly elastic, those velocities would be zero, but since the final ball does not reach the height the first ball started with, we know there are losses.
A better question would have been, assuming n intervening balls, all ending with the same velocity, find that velocity.
 

FAQ: Newton's Cradle: Law of Conservation of Energy & Momentum

What is Newton's Cradle?

Newton's Cradle is a classic physics demonstration and educational tool that consists of a series of suspended metal balls. When one ball is lifted and released to strike the others, the ball on the opposite end of the row swings out, demonstrating the concept of conservation of energy and momentum.

How does Newton's Cradle demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Energy?

The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to another. In Newton's Cradle, the initial potential energy of the lifted ball is converted into kinetic energy as it strikes the first ball. This energy then transfers through the chain of balls until it reaches the last ball, which then swings back with the same amount of energy as the initial ball.

What is the Law of Conservation of Momentum?

The Law of Conservation of Momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant over time. In the case of Newton's Cradle, the total momentum of the system before and after the collision remains the same. The first ball transfers its momentum to the second ball, and this continues through the chain until the last ball has the same momentum as the initial ball.

How does Newton's Cradle demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Momentum?

As mentioned before, the total momentum of a closed system remains constant. In Newton's Cradle, the total momentum of the system before and after the collision remains the same. The mass and velocity of each ball in the system are carefully balanced to ensure this conservation of momentum.

What are the practical applications of Newton's Cradle?

Aside from being a popular educational tool, Newton's Cradle also has practical applications in fields such as engineering and physics. It can be used to demonstrate the principles of energy and momentum conservation in real-world situations, such as collisions between objects. It can also be used to study the transfer of energy and momentum in various systems and to design better structures and machines that utilize these principles.

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