NMR Spectrum - expected triplets appear as singlets

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My NMR of diethyl cyclopent-3-ene, 1, 1 , dicarboxylate shows the cyclic proton environments both as singlets where they are expected to be a doublet and triplet
My NMR of diethyl cyclopent-3-ene, 1, 1 , dicarboxylate shows the cyclic proton environments both as singlets where they are expected to be a doublet and triplet.
Proton env B would be epxected to be a doublet and D to be a doublet. Everyone in the lab got the same result. Is there an explanation as to why it they are singlets and not multiplets as expected? The chemical shift and integration suggest they are the expected proton enviornment however the multiplicity is not as expected.
NMR exp 2.png
nmr exp 2.png
 
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  • #2
It seems there are only 4 general possibilities:
1) the specimens are not what you think they are
2) plot resolution is not sufficient to resolve close peaks
3) NMR machine needs servicing
4) you have an incorrect expectation of results

Cheers,
Tom

p.s. Please let us know what you find causing the effect.
(we all like to learn!)
 
  • #3
Tom.G said:
It seems there are only 4 general possibilities:

There is more, for example in some molecules resonance can change the "average" observed structure, making the spectra different from the one that looks obvious and logical. I doubt that's the case here though.
 
  • #4
I think it is the orientation of the hydrogens in the ring. Check the Karplus equation. You will see that certain orientations lead to low values for J(H-C-C-H). The protons at the double bond - D - are in the plane of the ring, the ones at position B are on tetrahedral carbons and not in the same plane.

So then I googled the proton spectrum of your product, and got the same spectrum as you have.
See this https://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b6/b618341g/b618341g.pdf and look at the first spectrum.

I actually googled proton nmr of cyclopent-3-ene first and up came your product.
 
  • #5
What effect does the symmetry of the molecule have on the observed spectrum?
 

FAQ: NMR Spectrum - expected triplets appear as singlets

Why do expected triplets sometimes appear as singlets in an NMR spectrum?

Expected triplets can sometimes appear as singlets in an NMR spectrum due to the presence of coupling constants that are too small to be resolved by the spectrometer. This can occur when the coupling constants are close to or below the resolution limit of the instrument.

How does the presence of impurities affect the appearance of triplets as singlets in an NMR spectrum?

Impurities can also cause expected triplets to appear as singlets in an NMR spectrum. This can happen if the impurities interact with the compound of interest in a way that affects the coupling constants, leading to the loss of the expected splitting pattern.

Can the concentration of the sample impact the appearance of triplets as singlets in an NMR spectrum?

Yes, the concentration of the sample can impact the appearance of triplets as singlets in an NMR spectrum. Higher concentrations can lead to broadening of the peaks, which can obscure the expected splitting patterns and make them appear as singlets.

Are there any experimental parameters that can be adjusted to improve the resolution of expected triplets in an NMR spectrum?

Experimental parameters such as the spectral window, acquisition time, and pulse sequence can be adjusted to improve the resolution of expected triplets in an NMR spectrum. By optimizing these parameters, it may be possible to enhance the visibility of the splitting patterns and prevent triplets from appearing as singlets.

How can computational tools be used to help interpret NMR spectra where expected triplets appear as singlets?

Computational tools can be used to simulate NMR spectra based on the chemical structure of the compound. By comparing the experimental spectrum to the simulated spectrum, it may be possible to identify the presence of coupling constants that are too small to be resolved by the instrument, thus explaining why expected triplets appear as singlets.

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