On the quantum physical theory of scattering

In summary, the conversation discusses questions about phase shift and scattering in the context of a scattering delta potential. The solution for the wave function for s-waves is given as u = Asin(kr) for r < a and u = Asin(kr + phase shift factor) for r > a, after imposing the boundary conditions u(0) = 0 and u(infinity) = finite number. There is also a discussion about the incident plane wave and the superposition of the wave before and after scattering. Additionally, there is a question about the two exponential terms in a reflected wave and the possibility of one of them blowing up. The inquirer is seeking clarification on these concepts.
  • #1
Void123
141
0
I have some questions here regarding phase shift and scattering.

1). I am working out an exercise for my own benefit, for which I already have the solution, but there are parts of it I don't understand. I am given a scattering delta potential: b*delta(r - a), where b is a constant, and I am interested in finding the wave function for s-waves (i.e. angular momentum values, l = 0).

After imposing boundary conditions, the solution is:

u = Asin(kr), for r < a and u = Asin(kr + phase shift factor), for r > a.

So my question is, how does the post-scattering wave function (with phase shift contribution) come out to be this way, after imposing the boundary condition: u(0) = 0 and u(infinity) = finite number.

2). When we look at the whole wave function for large values of r, the first term in the expression (which is exponential) is the incident plane wave. But this is talking about the prescattering wave which is contained in the wave function. So, when we say for large values of r, does that mean the incident wave travels quite a distance to the target where it is to be scattered? In other words, the wave function contains the whole superpositioned history of the wave before it scatters and after, over a long distance. Correct?

3). When we are talking about an incident wave being reflected off some potential wall, like at z = 0, (where it then receives a phase shift factor), we get two exponential terms: exp(ikz) and exp(-ikz), and this is for z < -b after which we can call "the interaction region" until it hits the wall at z = 0. So, my question is, if the two exponential terms are defined over some range of values that can be anywhere less than (-b), then wouldn't -infinity force one of the exponential terms to blow up and hence making it physically unacceptable?

Sorry for the long inquiry, but I need to clarify some of this confusion which has been dragging me down.

Thank You.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
At least on the first one, can someone explain to me how for values r > a we get u(r) = Asin(kr + phase shift factor) when the sin of infinity produces a non-existent limit. How does this give u = 0 as r-> infinity? I also don't see how this leads to eliminating the cosine term but keeping the sin one instead.
 

FAQ: On the quantum physical theory of scattering

What is the quantum physical theory of scattering?

The quantum physical theory of scattering is a mathematical framework used to describe the scattering of particles at the quantum level. It is based on the principles of quantum mechanics and provides a way to calculate the probabilities of different outcomes of a scattering event.

How does the quantum physical theory of scattering differ from classical scattering theory?

The main difference between quantum physical theory of scattering and classical scattering theory is that the former takes into account the wave-particle duality of particles, while the latter treats particles as classical point-like objects. This means that in the quantum theory, particles can exhibit wave-like behaviors and their positions and momenta cannot be precisely determined at the same time.

What are the key principles of the quantum physical theory of scattering?

The key principles of the quantum physical theory of scattering include the superposition principle, which states that the wave function of a system can be described as a combination of different states; and the uncertainty principle, which states that it is impossible to know the exact position and momentum of a particle at the same time. Other important principles include unitarity, which ensures that the probabilities of all possible outcomes of a scattering event add up to 1, and time evolution, which describes how the wave function changes over time.

What are some applications of the quantum physical theory of scattering?

The quantum physical theory of scattering has many practical applications in fields such as particle physics, nuclear physics, and quantum chemistry. It is used to study the behavior of particles in particle accelerators, to understand the structure and properties of nuclei, and to model chemical reactions at the quantum level.

What are the limitations of the quantum physical theory of scattering?

Although the quantum physical theory of scattering has been extremely successful in describing the behavior of particles at the quantum level, it has some limitations. For example, it cannot fully explain the phenomenon of quantum entanglement, where two particles become intrinsically linked, and it does not provide a complete picture of the nature of space and time. Additionally, there are still open questions and areas of research within the theory, such as the unification of quantum mechanics with general relativity.

Similar threads

Back
Top