Orbits of objects of equal mass

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In summary, when it comes to sets of objects with equal mass, there are a few basic types of stable orbits. For one object, it would simply be stationary. For two objects, they would rotate at equal speed around a common center with a constant distance between them. For three or more objects, there can be more complicated stable orbits, but there is always an orbit where each object moves around the common center of gravity in a synchronized way. Other types of stable orbits may exist, and there are ways to generalize and visualize these orbits, but the motion of multiple bodies can be very complex and is still being studied.
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emergentsystem
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What basic types of stable orbits are there for sets of objects of equal mass?

For example,
with one object it would just be stationary,

with two objects they would rotate at equal speed around a common centre with a constant distance between them (and more complicated stable orbits where the distance oscillates).

What about with three objects and more?

I assume for each set there would be an orbit where each object moves around the common centre of gravity in some fashion, such that from the perspective of each object the movement of the other objects is the same. What other types of basic stable orbits are there?

What would be the best way to generalise all the types of orbits for each number of objects?

Is there a way to visualise these types of orbits?

If anyone can provide any other examples at all, or answer any of these questions, that would be great.
 
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Orbits of three or more bodies that attract each other via gravitational force may be very complicated.

There are some special cases for which three or more bodies can follows some simple orbits, like the motion of Moon and Earth in the reference frame of the Sun.

Perhaps here you can find some interesting reading on the topic:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-body_problem
 
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FAQ: Orbits of objects of equal mass

1. How are orbits of objects of equal mass determined?

The orbits of objects of equal mass are determined by the gravitational force between the two objects. This force is dependent on the masses of the objects and the distance between them. If the objects are of equal mass, they will orbit around a common center of mass.

2. What is the shape of the orbit for objects of equal mass?

The shape of the orbit for objects of equal mass is an ellipse. This is because the gravitational force between the two objects follows an inverse square law, causing the orbit to be curved rather than a straight line.

3. Can the orbits of objects of equal mass change over time?

Yes, the orbits of objects of equal mass can change over time due to external forces such as gravitational interactions with other objects or the release of energy. However, if the two objects are the only ones in the system, their orbits will remain stable.

4. How does the distance between objects of equal mass affect their orbits?

The distance between objects of equal mass has a direct impact on their orbits. The closer the objects are to each other, the stronger the gravitational force between them, resulting in a smaller and faster orbit. Conversely, a greater distance between the objects will result in a larger and slower orbit.

5. Can objects of equal mass have different orbital paths?

Yes, objects of equal mass can have different orbital paths if they have different initial velocities. The shape and size of the orbit will be the same, but the path it takes will be different. This is known as a Kepler orbit, named after the astronomer Johannes Kepler who first described this phenomenon.

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