Organic Chem - Identifying Functional Groups

In summary, the conversation was about identifying five samples as either aliphatic or aromatic and as carboxylic acid, amine, or ammonium carboxylate. The samples were subjected to a burn test, tested for solubility in water and HCl, and treated with 10% NaOH. The results showed that samples 1 and 2 were aliphatic compounds, while sample 3 was an aromatic compound. Samples 1 and 2 were also identified as simple carboxylic acids, while sample 3 was an aromatic carboxylic acid. Samples 4 and 5 were undetermined, but could possibly be either amines or ammonium carboxylates. The results are
  • #1
whiteman
9
0

Homework Statement


Hi all,
i have to identify 5 samples (1,2,3 were solids, 4,5 were liquids) by classifying them as
1) Aliphatic or aromatic and
2) Carboxylic acid, amine (primary, secondary, tertiary) or ammonium carboxylate

We did a burn test on the solids, tested solubility in water (and test solution for pH), tested solubilty in HCl, and treatment with 10% NaOH, in that order


Homework Equations


Results:
Burn Test: 1 - Clean flame, no smoke 2 - Yellow sparks, smoky-ish flame 3 - smoky flame
Solubilty in Water: 1 - Dissolved 2 - Dissolved 3 - Partially 4 - Partially in hot water 5 - Partially in hot water
pH: 1 - Acid 2 - Neutral (i think) 3 - Acid 4 - Basic 5 - Basic
Solubilty in HCl: 1 to 4 - Undissolved 5 - Dissolved
Addition of 10% NaOH: 1 to 3 - No smell but dissolved 4 and 5 both ahd a pungent smell


The Attempt at a Solution


1 is an aliphatic compound. 2,3 are aromatic.
Solution 1 is a simple carboxylic acid. Solution 2,3 are aromatic carboxylic acids.
Solution 4,5 are either amines or ammonium carboxylates. i can't figure out which.
The results are subject to college lab conditions and may be wrong (but hopefully not)
So can anyone clarify the functional groups?
Thanks
 
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  • #2
A clean flame means what type of compound?
Solubility in water means 'what' for and organic compound?
Solubility in HCl is seen for what type of organic compound?
How about solubility in NaOH?
If you smell something when you treat it with strong base, what could that be? Other than 'pungent', what did it smell like? Flowers? Skunk?
 

FAQ: Organic Chem - Identifying Functional Groups

What are functional groups in organic chemistry?

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms that are responsible for the chemical and physical properties of organic molecules. They determine how a molecule will react with other molecules and play a key role in the overall structure and function of organic compounds.

How do you identify functional groups in a molecule?

To identify functional groups in a molecule, you can first examine the molecular formula to determine the types of atoms present. Then, you can use spectroscopic techniques such as infrared spectroscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to analyze the bonds and determine the functional groups present in the molecule.

What are the most common functional groups found in organic compounds?

The most common functional groups found in organic compounds include alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, and amides. These functional groups are found in a wide range of organic molecules and play important roles in biological processes and industrial applications.

How do functional groups affect the properties of organic compounds?

Functional groups can have a significant impact on the physical and chemical properties of organic compounds. For example, the presence of a hydroxyl group in alcohols makes them more polar and more soluble in water, while the presence of a double bond in alkenes makes them more reactive towards addition reactions.

Can functional groups be modified or added to organic compounds?

Yes, functional groups can be modified or added to organic compounds through chemical reactions. For example, a hydroxyl group can be added to an alkene through hydration, or a carboxylic acid group can be reduced to an alcohol. These modifications can change the properties and reactivity of the molecule.

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