Galgenstrick said:
sjb-2812 said:
A carbonyl compound is an organic compound that contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, also known as a carbonyl group. Examples of carbonyl compounds include aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters.
Carbonyl compounds are highly reactive and participate in a variety of chemical reactions, including nucleophilic addition, nucleophilic substitution, and condensation reactions. These reactions are important for the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Both aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group, but in aldehydes, the carbonyl group is located at the end of a carbon chain, whereas in ketones, it is located within the carbon chain. This structural difference affects their reactivity and properties.
The reactivity of a carbonyl compound is influenced by the presence of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups attached to the carbonyl group. Electron-withdrawing groups increase the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon, making it more susceptible to nucleophilic attack. Electron-donating groups decrease the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon, making it less reactive.
Carbonyl compounds have many practical applications, including being used as solvents, preservatives, flavorings, and fragrances. They are also important intermediates in the production of pharmaceuticals, plastics, and other industrial products.