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I am having trouble wrapping my mind around these concepts. Can anyone explain them clearly, and in relatively simple terms?
iansmith said:Orthologuous means proteins that have the same function in different species and that may or may not have arisen from a common ancestor.
Paralogous means genes that have arisen from a common ancestor and are present in the same genome. Pararolgue may or may not have the same function.
Ortho same function different species, para common ancestor one species.
Orthologous genes are genes that are found in different species and have a common ancestor. They have a similar sequence and perform the same function in each species.
Paralogous genes are genes that are found within the same species and have arisen from gene duplication events. They have a similar sequence but may have diverged in function.
Orthologous genes are found in different species, while paralogous genes are found within the same species. Additionally, orthologous genes have a common ancestor and perform the same function, while paralogous genes have arisen from gene duplication events and may have diverged in function.
Distinguishing between orthologous and paralogous genes is important for understanding the evolutionary relationships between species and how genes have evolved over time. It also helps in predicting gene function and identifying potential drug targets.
Orthologous genes can be identified through sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis, while paralogous genes can be identified through sequence similarity and gene duplication events. Other methods such as synteny analysis and functional studies can also be used to confirm the orthologous or paralogous relationship between genes.