Particle on a wedge relative acceleration

In summary, a system consisting of a smooth wedge of mass 2m and an inclined particle of mass m is released from rest on a smooth horizontal surface. The forces acting on the wedge and particle are shown on separate diagrams. The acceleration of the wedge is found to be g/5 m/s/s. However, finding the speed of the mass relative to the wedge when the wedge is moving at 1 m/s proves to be more challenging and requires considering the relative acceleration in the direction down the slope.
  • #1
evansmiley
16
0

Homework Statement



A smooth wedge of mass 2m and slope 45 degrees is placed on a smooth horizontal surface. A particle of mass m is placed on the inclined face of the wedge.
The system is released from rest.
(i) Show on separate diagrams the forces acting on the wedge and the particle.
(ii) Show that the acceleration of the wedge is g/5 m/s/s.
(iii) Find the speed of the mass relative to the wedge, when the speed of the wedge is 1 m/s.

Homework Equations


F = ma
...

The Attempt at a Solution


I hope this is all comprehensible
(i) was ok,
(ii)I solved part two as follows
K being the normal force from the mass on the wedge,
ksin45 = 2ma
Then I calculated the forces on the particle of mass m normal to the wedge's slope, using the acceleration b_y of the particle in the direction normal to the wedge's slope (y and x are my new axes, where x is in the direction of the wedge's slope and y is perpindicular):
mgcos45 - k = mb_y
as the particle contines to be on the surface of the wedge, the acceleration of the wedge in this direction is equal to the acceleration of the particle in the direction:
b_y = a_y
The component of a in the y direction = a_y = asin45
so ma/√2 = mg/√2 - k
subbing new value for k into the first equation, a works out to be g/5 m/s/s
(iii) Although this should be the easy part for some reason I'm not getting the given answer (3√2m/s/s)
I started off by getting the time taken to reach this speed - t = 5/g - but I'm not entirely sure where to go now.
I tried calculating the relative acceleration in the direction down the slope as follows : for particle m, acceleration b_x = g/√2 where direction down the slope is positive. Acceleration of wedge in this direction - a_x = -g/(5√2)
so relative acceleration is g/√2 -g/(5√2) = 4g/(5√2)
this would give it speed 4/√2 so this must be wrong. Should I be looking for the absolute relative acceleration instead?
I'm very confused so many thanks to anyone who can explain where I'm going wrong, or what stupid mistake I'm making!
 
Last edited:
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  • #2
tip: the relative velocity of the mass w.r.t the wedge is always along the slope of the wedge.so apply eqns. of motion along the slope without any hesitation but take the relative quantities only.
 

Related to Particle on a wedge relative acceleration

1. What is a particle on a wedge relative acceleration?

A particle on a wedge relative acceleration is a concept in physics that describes the motion of a particle on a wedge or inclined plane. It takes into account both the acceleration of the particle due to gravity and the acceleration of the wedge itself.

2. How is relative acceleration calculated for a particle on a wedge?

The relative acceleration for a particle on a wedge can be calculated using the formula a = g(sinθ - μcosθ), where a is the relative acceleration, g is the acceleration due to gravity, θ is the angle of inclination of the wedge, and μ is the coefficient of friction between the particle and the wedge.

3. What factors affect the relative acceleration of a particle on a wedge?

The relative acceleration of a particle on a wedge is affected by several factors, including the angle of inclination of the wedge, the mass of the particle, the coefficient of friction between the particle and the wedge, and the acceleration due to gravity.

4. How does the coefficient of friction impact the relative acceleration of a particle on a wedge?

The coefficient of friction plays a significant role in the relative acceleration of a particle on a wedge. A higher coefficient of friction means there is a greater force resisting the motion of the particle, resulting in a lower relative acceleration. Conversely, a lower coefficient of friction means there is less resistance, resulting in a higher relative acceleration.

5. What is the significance of studying particle on a wedge relative acceleration?

Understanding particle on a wedge relative acceleration is important in many fields of study, such as engineering, mechanics, and physics. It allows for the prediction and analysis of the motion of objects on inclined planes, which has practical applications in areas such as construction, transportation, and sports.

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