Photon-Electron collision problem

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In summary, when a free electron at rest is hit by a photon of frequency f, the energy of the photon is transferred to the electron as kinetic energy, as shown by the equation hf=(1/2)mv^2. The momentum of the photon is also transferred to the electron, as shown by hf/c=mv. However, this situation cannot be explained by Newtonian concepts and requires the use of relativistic energy and momentum conservation. This is why a free electron cannot absorb a single photon and always produces at least two photons when it anihlates with a positron.
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Rainbow
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Let us consider a free electron in space, which is initially at rest. Now let us consider a photon of frequency f, which collides with our free electron giving all its energy to it. This energy will manifest itself as the K.E. of the electron after the collision. Therefore, we can write
hf=(1/2)mv^2 where, h: Planck's Constant
m: Mass of the electron
v: velocity of the electron after the collision

Also, whole of the momentum of the photon will also be transferred to the electron
hf/c=mv

Solving the two equations, we get v=0 or v=2c(which defies special relativity).

Now, v=0 cannot be the solution, as the energy in the electron has to manifest itself in some or the other form, and the only form is K.E. (if I'm not mistaken).
The solution v=2c is not compatible with the fact that c is the ultimate speed.
So, what's the problem?
 
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Newtonian concepts don't work in this situation. Relativistic energy and momentum conservation must be used, and these concepts forbid your situation. On its own, a free electron cannot absorb a photon.
 
  • #3
Thank you for the help.
 
  • #4
This is also the reason why when an electron and a positron anihlate they always produce at least two photons. With just one the 4-momentum wouldn't be conserved.
 

FAQ: Photon-Electron collision problem

What is a photon-electron collision?

A photon-electron collision is a physical interaction between a photon (a particle of light) and an electron (a subatomic particle with a negative charge). This collision can result in the absorption or emission of the photon by the electron, leading to changes in the energy and momentum of both particles.

What is the significance of studying photon-electron collisions?

Studying photon-electron collisions can provide valuable insights into the fundamental properties of matter and energy. It can also help us understand and develop technologies such as lasers, solar cells, and medical imaging techniques.

How are photon-electron collisions studied?

Photon-electron collisions can be studied in various ways, including through experiments using particle accelerators and through theoretical calculations using quantum mechanics. These methods allow scientists to observe and analyze the outcomes of these collisions and make predictions about their behavior.

What are some applications of photon-electron collisions?

Photon-electron collisions have numerous applications in different fields. In materials science, they can be used to understand and manipulate the properties of materials. In medicine, they are utilized in imaging techniques such as X-rays and MRI scans. In particle physics, they are crucial in studying the behavior of subatomic particles.

Are photon-electron collisions dangerous?

No, photon-electron collisions are not dangerous. They occur naturally in our environment and are a fundamental part of many processes that sustain life. However, high-energy collisions in particle accelerators can produce a significant amount of radiation, so appropriate safety measures are always taken in these experiments.

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