Pressure distribution of ideal gas under non-uniform temperature

In summary, the temperature difference in a square box with an ideal gas inside will result in a non-uniform density in the space between the walls, while the pressure remains uniform.
  • #1
Margalit
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Suppose there is a square box with an ideal gas inside at standard temperature and pressure. Now one side of the box is heated up while the other opposite side remains at room temperature (assume a large heat sink). It is clear the temperature distribution of the gas inside the chamber will have a gradient. Assume that the temperature difference is not larger (a few degrees Kelvin), so that convection is not a major driver. If the ideal gas law is followed locally in the space between the walls, the difference in temperature means that either one or both of the pressure or gas density must non-uniform to compensate the variable temperature.

My question is as follows: In this situation is the pressure or density or both non-uniform between the walls?
 
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  • #2
Generally, in a container, the pressure will be uniform throughout. In this case, the density is what will be non-uniform.
 

FAQ: Pressure distribution of ideal gas under non-uniform temperature

What is the relationship between pressure and temperature in an ideal gas under non-uniform temperature?

The pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its temperature, meaning that as the temperature increases, so does the pressure. This relationship is known as the ideal gas law, which states that pressure (P) is equal to the gas constant (R) multiplied by the temperature (T) and divided by the molar volume (V).

How does the pressure distribution of an ideal gas change under non-uniform temperature?

Under non-uniform temperature, the pressure distribution of an ideal gas will also be non-uniform. This means that areas with higher temperatures will experience higher pressure, while areas with lower temperatures will have lower pressure. This is due to the direct relationship between pressure and temperature in an ideal gas.

What factors can affect the pressure distribution of an ideal gas under non-uniform temperature?

The pressure distribution of an ideal gas under non-uniform temperature can be affected by a variety of factors, such as the temperature gradient (difference in temperature between two points), the type of gas, and the volume of the gas. Additionally, external factors such as gravity and external forces can also impact the pressure distribution.

How is the pressure distribution of an ideal gas under non-uniform temperature measured?

The pressure distribution of an ideal gas under non-uniform temperature can be measured using a variety of instruments, such as a manometer, barometer, or pressure gauge. These instruments use different methods to measure pressure, such as the displacement of liquid or the compression of a spring, and can provide accurate readings of the pressure distribution in an ideal gas.

What applications does the study of pressure distribution in ideal gases under non-uniform temperature have?

The study of pressure distribution in ideal gases under non-uniform temperature has many practical applications, such as in the design and operation of heating and cooling systems, engines, and other industrial processes. It is also important in understanding the behavior of gases in various environments, such as the Earth's atmosphere or in space, and in developing new technologies and materials.

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