Pressure for Frozen Water: Solving 6.6*10^(8) N/m^2

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In summary, the conversation discusses the expansion of water when it freezes and the necessary pressure to keep its volume from increasing. The bulk modulus for ice is 8x10^(9) N/m^(2) and using the formula Δp=-B(ΔV/V0), the pressure needed to maintain the original volume is calculated to be 6.6*10^(8) N/m^(2). The conversation also addresses a mistake in the calculation and explains the concept of volume change and pressure differential.
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fightboy
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When water freezes into ice it expands in volume by 9.05 percent. Suppose a volume of water is in a household water pipe or a cavity in a rock. If the water freezes, what pressure must be exerted on it to keep its volume from expanding? (If the pipe or rock cannot supply this pressure, the pipe will burst or the rock will split.)
The bulk modulus for ice is 8x10^(9) N/m^(2)
I tried solving this equation by using the formula Δp=-B(ΔV/V0).
Which led to the answer Δp= -(8x10^(9) N/m^(2))*(0.0905)= -7.24*10^(8) N/m^(2). This turned out to be incorrect, and the correct answer is 6.6*10^(8) N/m^(2). What did I do wrong? is the volume change not 0.0905? If so what is it? Also how did the final answer turn out to be positive?
 
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Imagine that the worst case scenario has happened and that water has expanded it's volume by 9.05%. This now is the actual volume of the ice. You're looking for pressure differential that would actually push the ice back to it's original volume. So consider,

[tex] v_0 = 1.0905 v_p [/tex]
where [itex]v_p[/itex] stands for the pipe volume. Take your ratio as,

[tex] \frac{\Delta v}{v_0} = \frac{v_p - v_0}{v_0} = \frac{v_p - 1.0905 v_p}{1.0905 v_p} [/tex]
And when you use the formula you showed, it will amount to the correct result I assume.
 

Related to Pressure for Frozen Water: Solving 6.6*10^(8) N/m^2

1. What is the significance of the pressure measurement 6.6*10^(8) N/m^2?

The pressure measurement of 6.6*10^(8) N/m^2, also known as 6.6 megapascals (MPa), is the pressure required to keep water in its frozen state at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius. This is a common measurement used in scientific research and engineering calculations related to frozen water.

2. How is the pressure for frozen water calculated?

The pressure for frozen water is calculated using the formula P = F/A, where P is the pressure, F is the force applied, and A is the area over which the force is applied. In this case, the force is the weight of the water and the area is the surface area of the ice.

3. Can the pressure for frozen water vary?

Yes, the pressure for frozen water can vary depending on factors such as temperature and altitude. At higher altitudes, the pressure required to keep water frozen may be slightly lower due to the lower atmospheric pressure. Similarly, at lower temperatures, a higher pressure may be needed to maintain the frozen state of water.

4. What are some real-world applications of understanding the pressure for frozen water?

Understanding the pressure for frozen water is important in fields such as engineering, geology, and meteorology. In engineering, it is crucial for designing structures that can withstand the pressure exerted by frozen water, such as ice dams and frozen pipes. In geology, it helps in studying the formation of glaciers and ice sheets. In meteorology, it is useful for predicting and understanding the behavior of ice storms and other frozen precipitation events.

5. How can the pressure for frozen water be measured?

The pressure for frozen water can be measured using specialized instruments such as a pressure gauge or a pressure sensor. These devices can be placed in contact with the frozen water to directly measure the pressure. Another method is to indirectly measure the pressure by using equations and data related to the weight and surface area of the frozen water.

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