The probability of scoring a penalty is typically estimated to be around 75-80%. However, this can vary depending on factors such as the skill of the player, the pressure of the situation, and the skill of the opposing goalkeeper.
Factors that can influence the probability of scoring a penalty include the skill and experience of the player taking the penalty, the pressure of the situation, the skill of the goalkeeper, and external factors such as weather conditions or field conditions.
While there is no guaranteed strategy to score a penalty, some players and teams may have specific techniques or routines that they believe increase their chances of success. These can include practicing penalties regularly, studying the tendencies of the opposing goalkeeper, and remaining calm and focused under pressure.
Scientists use statistical analysis and mathematical models to calculate the probability of scoring a penalty. They may also use data from previous penalty kicks to make predictions, taking into account factors such as the success rate of the player, the success rate of the opposing goalkeeper, and the pressure of the situation.
While there is no guarantee that training will improve a player's ability to score penalties, regular practice and training can certainly improve a player's technique, confidence, and composure under pressure. This can potentially increase the probability of scoring a penalty, but there are no guarantees in sports.