Proof about irrationals between reals.

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In summary: I understand now. Thank you both for your help and clarifications.In summary, the conversation discusses using a theorem to prove that there exists an irrational number between any two real numbers. The proposed solution involves using the given theorem and choosing reals of the form p=a-√2 and q=b-√2, adding √2 to the resulting rational number, and concluding that there is an irrational number between any two reals. However, there is a mistake in the use of variables, and it is important to be careful with defining variables in a proof.
  • #1
cragar
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Homework Statement


Given any 2 reals a<b there exists an irrational number t such that
a<t<b . It tells us to use a theorem that states there is a rational number between any 2 reals.

The Attempt at a Solution


so If we use this and pick reals of the form p=a-√2 and q=b-√2
so now we have a-√2<t<b-√2 , and t is a rational number. then we add √2
to everything so we get a<t+√2<b
so now t+√2 is irrational , so now we have an irrational between any 2 reals.
 
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  • #2
cragar said:

Homework Statement


Given any 2 reals a<b there exists an irrational number t such that
a<t<b . It tells us to use a theorem that states there is a rational number between any 2 reals.

The Attempt at a Solution


so If we use this and pick reals of the form p=a-√2 and q=b-√2
so now we have a-√2<t<b-√2 , and t is a rational number. then we add √2
to everything so we get a<t+√2<b
so now t+√2 is irrational , so now we have an irrational between any 2 reals.

Again, no arguments with your reasoning. Do you have any doubts?
 
  • #3
no, I am just new to writing proofs, so I just wanted more experienced people to check my work.
 
  • #5
cragar said:

Homework Statement


Given any 2 reals a<b there exists an [itex] > > > [/itex]irrational number t [itex] < < < [/itex]

such that
a<t<b . It tells us to use a theorem that states there is a rational number between any 2 reals.

The Attempt at a Solution


so If we use this and pick reals of the form p=a-√2 and q=b-√2

so now we have a-√2<t<b-√2 , and [itex] > > > [/itex]t is a rational number. [itex] < < <
[/itex]


then we add √2
to everything so we get a<t+√2<b
so now t+√2 is irrational , so now we have an irrational between any 2 reals.

From the highlighted above, you are stating that t is rational and that it is irrational.

These contradict each other, yes?
 
  • #6
t is rational , t+√2 is irrational
 
  • #7
Yes, checkitagain's point was that you state the problem as "Given any 2 reals a<b there exists an irrational number t such that a<t<b" then later use the same letter, t, to represent a rational number.
 
  • #8
ok so I just need to be careful with how I define my variables.
 
  • #9
checkitagain said:
From the highlighted above, you are stating that t is rational and that it is irrational.

These contradict each other, yes?

check it again, checkitagain
 
  • #10
cragar said:
ok so I just need to be careful with how I define my variables.

yes but honestly it looks fine to me
 
  • #11
just replace this

so now we have a-√2<t<b-√2 , and t is a rational number. then we add √2

with this

so now we have a-√2<s<b-√2 , and s is a rational number. then we add √2

and the other lines as necessary
 
  • #12
Shayes said:
check it again, checkitagain

There is no need to "check it again." That OP's post is as wrong now
because of the wrong variable as it was then.



Originally Posted by cragar:
------------------------------------------------------------
ok so I just need to be careful with how I define my variables.
------------------------------------------------------------

Shayes said:
yes but honestly it looks fine to me

Stating "yes," and then it looks "fine" are contradictory.
That's why my post and HallsofIvy's accurate posts
are all that was needed.


@ cragar, once you have altered your proof with what you admitted
to in post # 8, then it will be "fine."
 
Last edited:

FAQ: Proof about irrationals between reals.

1. What are irrationals and reals?

Irrational numbers are numbers that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers. Examples include π and √2. Real numbers, on the other hand, include all rational and irrational numbers and are typically represented on a number line.

2. How do we know that there are irrationals between reals?

This is known as the Cantor's Diagonal Argument, which shows that there are infinite real numbers between any two given real numbers. Since irrational numbers are a subset of real numbers, this also means that there are infinite irrationals between any two given real numbers.

3. Can you provide an example of an irrational number between two real numbers?

One example is √3, which is between 1 and 2 on the number line. Another example is π/2, which is between 1 and 2 on the number line as well.

4. How do we prove that irrationals exist between reals?

As mentioned before, Cantor's Diagonal Argument is one way to prove the existence of irrationals between reals. Another method is by contradiction, assuming that there are no irrationals between two given reals and arriving at a contradiction.

5. Are there any practical applications of this proof?

The proof about irrationals between reals has many practical applications in fields such as mathematics, physics, and computer science. For example, it is used in the development of algorithms for approximating irrational numbers and in the study of fractals and chaos theory.

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