Proof of normal matrix criterion

In summary, for a complex matrix A, it is normal if and only if the trace of its conjugate transpose multiplied by itself is equal to the sum of the squared characteristic roots. This can be proven by showing that if A is not normal, then the trace of A*A is equal to the trace of a diagonal matrix, which can only happen if A is normal.
  • #1
TTob
21
0
I need to proof:
A in normal matrix if and only if [tex]trace(A^*A)=|t_1|^2+...|t_n|^2[/tex]
where [tex]t_1,...,t_n[/tex] are the characteristic roots of A.

I have a problem only with the second direction:
[tex]trace(A^*A)=|t_1|^2+...|t_n|^2[/tex] --> A is normal.

can you help me ?
 
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  • #2
Presumably A is a complex matrix, so we can put it into Schur form, i.e. we can find a unitary matrix Q and an upper triangular matrix T such that A=Q-1TQ. Notice that trace(A*A)=trace(T*T). So if A is not normal, then <blank>.
 
  • #3
thanks.

note [tex]T=[\alpha_{ij}][/tex]
so [tex]trace(T^*T)=trace(A^*A)=|t_1|^2+...|t_n|^2[/tex]
hence
[tex]\sum_{\substack{
0\leq\i\leq n \\
0\leq\j\leq n
}} |\alpha_{ij}|^2
=|t_1|^2+...|t_n|^2[/tex]
because of the eigenvalues are the diagonal entries of T we have
[tex]\sum_{\substack{
0\leq\i\leq n \\
0\leq\j\leq n \\
j\ne i
}} |\alpha_{ij}|^2
=0[/tex]
hence for [tex]i\ne j[/tex] we have [tex]\alpha_{ij}=0[/tex]

so T is diagonal matrix. A=Q^-1TQ and hence A is normal.
 

FAQ: Proof of normal matrix criterion

What is a normal matrix?

A normal matrix is a square matrix that commutes with its transpose. In other words, the matrix and its transpose are interchangeable, and this is true for both multiplication and addition.

What is the proof of normal matrix criterion?

The proof of normal matrix criterion is a mathematical demonstration that shows a square matrix is normal if and only if it can be diagonalized by a unitary matrix.

Why is the proof of normal matrix criterion important?

The proof of normal matrix criterion is important because it provides a necessary and sufficient condition for a matrix to be considered normal. This is useful in many areas of mathematics and physics, as normal matrices have many desirable properties and can simplify calculations.

How is the proof of normal matrix criterion used in quantum mechanics?

In quantum mechanics, the proof of normal matrix criterion is used to show that the observables of a quantum system must be represented by normal matrices. This is a fundamental property of quantum mechanics and allows for the correct prediction of physical measurements.

Is the proof of normal matrix criterion applicable to non-square matrices?

No, the proof of normal matrix criterion only applies to square matrices. Non-square matrices do not have a transpose, so the concept of normality does not apply to them.

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