Proof that velocity of image by a plane mirror is negative of object

In summary, the velocity of an image formed by a plane mirror is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the velocity of the object. This is derived from the principle of reflection, where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, leading to the conclusion that any change in the position of the object results in an equal and opposite change in the position of the image, thereby giving the image a negative velocity relative to the object.
  • #1
Rhdjfgjgj
31
3
Homework Statement
proof that velocity of image by a plane mirror is negative of object
Relevant Equations
V of image =-(v of object)
We were studying reflection due to plane mirrors and our sir derived the relation between velocity of image and velocity of object in case of a plane mirror. He took the following case as bare for deriving the formula.
IMG_20231018_192130.jpg

Following is the detailed working
IMG-20231018-WA0012.jpg

Now I was wondering if I could derive it for a different case where the object is moving in opposite direction. But I'm not getting the same result. Look here please
IMG-20231018-WA0013.jpg

Why is it false this case . Or have I done something wrong. Please tell me where I'm wrong and the mathematical concept that I have to get right so that I don't repeat any of the mistakes again. Im sorry if the doubt was a bit to silly
 
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  • #2
Your error is the same as in the first image you posted. That image shows ##V_0## on either side of the mirror, but one of them should be negative as the two are pointing in opposite directions.

Also, your work is very difficult to read, as the image appears rotated. At least the image is legible if I rotate my laptop's screen, which is more than I can say for some images that members post. In your work you wrote that ##\frac{dx}{dt} = \frac{dy}{dt}##. This can't be true for the same reason as I gave above.
 
  • #3
Mark44 said:
Your error is the same as in the first image you posted. That image shows ##V_0## on either side of the mirror, but one of them should be negative as the two are pointing in opposite directions.

Also, your work is very difficult to read, as the image appears rotated. At least the image is legible if I rotate my laptop's screen, which is more than I can say for some images that members post. In your work you wrote that ##\frac{dx}{dt} = \frac{dy}{dt}##. This can't be true for the same reason as I gave above.
Sorry about the images sir, . Back to the problem.
In the first image ,v of image was completely unknown , so I assumed it to be in same direction and found the actual velocity. But doing this way doesn't help me in the second case.Can u please do the steps for the second case
 
  • #4
Is this right
IMG-20231018-WA0017.jpg
IMG-20231018-WA0015.jpg
 
  • #5
Rhdjfgjgj said:
In the first image ,v of image was completely unknown
In that image, there's no v. There are ##V_0## and ##V_I##.

Rhdjfgjgj said:
so I assumed it to be in same direction and found the actual velocity.
In the same direction as what?

Rhdjfgjgj said:
But doing this way doesn't help me in the second case.

Rhdjfgjgj said:
Can u please do the steps for the second case
No, we are not going to do the steps for you. In the second case, if the object is moving away from the mirror (at the same speed it was moving toward the mirror), its velocity will be the negative of what it was. That is ##V_{new} = -V_0##.
 
  • #6
Rhdjfgjgj said:
You are confusing yourself by introducing y in your equations. Instead of x and y, use x and -x. I'm assuming that the two points at the start of the arrows are equidistant from the mirror.
 

FAQ: Proof that velocity of image by a plane mirror is negative of object

What is the basic principle behind the velocity of an image in a plane mirror being the negative of the object's velocity?

The basic principle is based on the law of reflection, which states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. When an object moves towards or away from a plane mirror, its image appears to move in the opposite direction with the same speed. This is because the distance between the object and its image remains constant, leading to the image's velocity being the negative of the object's velocity.

How can we mathematically prove that the velocity of the image is the negative of the object's velocity?

Consider an object moving with velocity \( v \) towards a plane mirror. Let the initial distance of the object from the mirror be \( d \). The image will also appear at a distance \( d \) behind the mirror. If the object moves a distance \( \Delta x \) towards the mirror, the new distance of the object from the mirror is \( d - \Delta x \), and the new distance of the image from the mirror is also \( d - \Delta x \). Therefore, the image moves \( \Delta x \) away from the mirror. Hence, the velocity of the image \( v_i \) is \( -v \), the negative of the object's velocity.

Does the negative velocity of the image imply that the image is moving in the opposite direction to the object?

Yes, the negative velocity indicates that the image is moving in the direction opposite to the object's movement. If the object moves towards the mirror, the image moves away from the mirror, and if the object moves away from the mirror, the image moves towards the mirror, both with the same magnitude of velocity but in opposite directions.

Can this concept be applied to any type of mirror or only to plane mirrors?

This specific concept of the image's velocity being the negative of the object's velocity applies strictly to plane mirrors. For curved mirrors, like concave or convex mirrors, the relationship between the object's velocity and the image's velocity is more complex and depends on the mirror's curvature and the object's position relative to the mirror's focal point.

What practical applications or phenomena can be explained using the concept of image velocity in plane mirrors?

This concept is useful in various optical and engineering applications. For instance, it helps in understanding the behavior of images in periscopes and other optical instruments. It is also used in animation and virtual reality to simulate realistic reflections. Additionally, this principle is fundamental in physics education to demonstrate basic concepts of reflection and image formation.

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