Propagator for free particle: question about Shankar formula

In summary, The Shankar formula is a mathematical equation used to calculate the propagator for a free particle in quantum mechanics. It takes into account the initial and final positions of the particle, as well as the time interval between them. The formula is derived from the Schrödinger equation and can be used to predict the probability of a particle being in a specific position at a specific time. It is a useful tool in studying the behavior of free particles in quantum systems.
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Kostik
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I am hung up on what must be a very elementary matter, but I’m unable to see where I’m wrong. I reference R. Shankar's "Principles of Quantum Mechanics". For the free particle with https://www.physicsforums.com/file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1.ABR/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png , the propagator as derived on p. 146 in Eqn. 4.3.13 (or rather in the equation below, which caters to the degenerate case) for a continuous variable is clearly:
https://www.physicsforums.com/file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1.ABR/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png
where https://www.physicsforums.com/file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1.ABR/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.png and https://www.physicsforums.com/file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1.ABR/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.png are the two eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalue E. This differs from the form of https://www.physicsforums.com/file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1.ABR/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.png shown in Exercise 5.1.1 on p. 153. Indeed, the change of variable https://www.physicsforums.com/file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1.ABR/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png gives:
https://www.physicsforums.com/file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1.ABR/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png
By starting with the propagator equation in the eigenvalue variable (E) I end up with the extra [PLAIN]https://www.physicsforums.com/file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1.ABR/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png factor in my integral when I change the variable of integration to p. Since Shankar started with an integral over the p variable, he got the extra factor of https://www.physicsforums.com/file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1.ABR/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png in Exercise 5.1.1.

Can anyone help explain why Shankar's Eqn. 5.1.9 is correct without the extra [PLAIN]https://www.physicsforums.com/file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1.ABR/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png factor? Thanks in advance!
 
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Darn, MS Outlook images don't post. It appeared that they would. Too late to delete.
 

FAQ: Propagator for free particle: question about Shankar formula

What is the Shankar formula for the propagator of a free particle?

The Shankar formula for the propagator of a free particle is given by:
K(x,t;x',t') = [m/(2πiħ(t-t'))]^(1/2) exp[i(m(x-x')^2/2ħ(t-t')].
This formula calculates the probability amplitude for a free particle to move from position x' at time t' to position x at time t.

How is the Shankar formula derived?

The Shankar formula is derived using the path integral approach in quantum mechanics. It considers all possible paths that a particle can take from x' to x and calculates the contribution of each path to the overall probability amplitude. The final formula is obtained by summing up all these contributions and taking the limit as the number of paths approaches infinity.

What are the assumptions made in the Shankar formula for the propagator of a free particle?

The Shankar formula assumes that the particle is moving in a vacuum, without any external forces acting on it. It also assumes that the particle's mass is constant and that it is not affected by any interactions with other particles.

Can the Shankar formula be used for particles with non-zero mass?

Yes, the Shankar formula can be used for particles with non-zero mass. However, it is most commonly used for particles with zero mass, such as photons, since it simplifies the calculations and leads to a more elegant solution.

How is the Shankar formula related to the Schrödinger equation?

The Shankar formula for the propagator of a free particle is directly related to the solution of the Schrödinger equation for a free particle. It can be obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation in the position basis and then taking the limit as the time interval approaches zero. This shows that the Shankar formula is a fundamental result of quantum mechanics and is closely tied to the Schrödinger equation.

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