Prove $0\le xy+yz+zx-2xyz\le7/27$ for $x+y+z=1$

  • MHB
  • Thread starter anemone
  • Start date
In summary, the inequality $0\le xy+yz+zx-2xyz\le7/27$ is significant in mathematics and has practical applications in real-life problems. The constraint $x+y+z=1$ is important in the proof as it simplifies the expression and allows for easier analysis. The steps to proving the inequality involve substitution, algebraic manipulation, and showing the minimum and maximum values. This inequality can also be generalized for any number of variables. Its practical applications include optimization problems and geometry.
  • #1
anemone
Gold Member
MHB
POTW Director
3,883
115
Here is this week's POTW:

-----

For $x,\,y,\,z\ge 0$ and $x+y+z=1$, prove that $0\le xy+yz+zx-2xyz\le\dfrac{7}{27}$.

-----

 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
Congratulations to lfdahl again for his correct solution.
Suggested solution from other:
Without loss of generality, suppose $z\le \dfrac{1}{2}$. Thus we write $x+y=\dfrac{1}{2}+t,\,z=\dfrac{1}{2}-t$ where $-\le t \le \dfrac{1}{2}$.

It is easy to see that $xy+yz+zx-2xyz=xy(1-2z)+(x+y)z\ge 0$.

$\begin{align*}xy+yz+zx-2xyz&=xy(1-2z)+(x+y)z\\& \le \left(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\right)^2(1-2z)+(x+y)z\\&=2t\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{t}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}-t^2\\&=\dfrac{4t^3-4t^2+t-2}{8}\\&=f(t)\end{align*}$.

Let $f'(t)=0$ and we get $t=\dfrac{1}{6}$ and $t=\dfrac{1}{2}$.

$f''\left(\dfrac{1}{6}\right)=-7.5<0$ tells us the maximum of $f$ is $f\left(\dfrac{1}{6}\right)=\dfrac{7}{27}$.
 

FAQ: Prove $0\le xy+yz+zx-2xyz\le7/27$ for $x+y+z=1$

How do you prove the inequality $0\le xy+yz+zx-2xyz\le7/27$ for $x+y+z=1$?

To prove this inequality, we can use the AM-GM inequality, which states that for any positive real numbers $a$ and $b$, $\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}$. We can apply this inequality to the three terms $xy$, $yz$, and $zx$ to get $\frac{xy+yz+zx}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{(xy)(yz)(zx)}=xyz$. Multiplying both sides by $2$ gives us $xy+yz+zx\ge2xyz$. Combining this with the fact that $x+y+z=1$, we get $xy+yz+zx-2xyz\ge0$. To prove the upper bound of $\frac{7}{27}$, we can use the fact that $x+y+z=1$ to rewrite the inequality as $xy+yz+zx\le\frac{1}{3}-2xyz$. Then, using the AM-GM inequality again, we get $\frac{xy+yz+zx}{3}\le\frac{(x+y+z)^2}{9}=\frac{1}{9}$. Combining this with the fact that $x+y+z=1$, we get $xy+yz+zx\le\frac{1}{3}-2xyz\le\frac{1}{3}-2\left(\frac{1}{9}\right)=\frac{7}{27}$. Therefore, we have proven the inequality $0\le xy+yz+zx-2xyz\le\frac{7}{27}$ for $x+y+z=1$.

Can you explain the AM-GM inequality and how it is used to prove the given inequality?

The AM-GM inequality is a fundamental inequality in mathematics that states that for any positive real numbers $a$ and $b$, the arithmetic mean (AM) of $a$ and $b$ is always greater than or equal to the geometric mean (GM) of $a$ and $b$. In other words, $\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}$. This inequality can be used to prove the given inequality by applying it to the three terms $xy$, $yz$, and $zx$. By multiplying both sides of the inequality by $2$, we can rearrange the terms to get $xy+yz+zx\ge2xyz$. This is the lower bound of the given inequality. To prove the upper bound, we can rewrite the inequality as $xy+yz+zx\le\frac{1}{3}-2xyz$ and then apply the AM-GM inequality again to get $\frac{xy+yz+zx}{3}\le\frac{(x+y+z)^2}{9}=\frac{1}{9}$. Combining this with the fact that $x+y+z=1$, we get $xy+yz+zx\le\frac{1}{3}-2xyz\le\frac{1}{3}-2\left(\frac{1}{9}\right)=\frac{7}{27}$. Therefore, the AM-GM inequality is a useful tool in proving the given inequality.

Is the given inequality always true for any values of $x$, $y$, and $z$ that satisfy $x+y+z=1$?

Yes, the given inequality is always true for any values of $x$, $y$, and $z$ that satisfy $x+y+z=1$. This can be proven using the AM-GM inequality, as explained in the first question. Since the AM-GM inequality is a fundamental principle in mathematics, it holds true for all positive real numbers, which includes all possible values of $x$, $y$, and $z$ that satisfy $x+y+z=1$.

Can you provide an example of values for $x$, $y$, and $z$ that satisfy $x+y+z=1$ and also satisfy the given inequality?

One example of values for $x$, $y$, and $z$ that satisfy $x+y+z=1$ and also satisfy the given inequality is $x=\frac{1}{3}$, $y=\frac{1}{3}$, and $z=\frac{1}{3}$. Plugging these values into the given inequality, we get $\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{9}-2\left(\frac{1}{27}\right)=\frac{1

Back
Top