Prove Electric Field Lines Go from High to Low Voltage Sources

In summary, the conversation discusses a lab experiment in electromagnetism where a conductive sheet was connected to a power supply and specific voltages were measured and recorded using a voltmeter. The data was then used to plot equipotential lines and it was noted that the electric field lines were perpendicular to these lines. The question asks how one can prove using a given equation that the electric field lines go from higher to lower voltage sources and are perpendicular to the equipotential lines.
  • #1
Baygan
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Homework Statement



In my electromagnetism lab, we had one electrode connected from the negative end of a power supply to one end of a conductive sheet, and the other electrode connected from the positive end of the supply to the other end of the conductive sheet. The potential difference of the system was 6 volts. Using a volt meter, we measured and recorded 9 sets of 5 specific voltages (.75v, 1.5v...etc), and their distances from the origin (the origin was at the bottom left corner of the sheet). We then took a blank sheet of paper and a ruler and plotted each voltage. We interpolated and drew the equipotential lines from point to point. The lab experiment then said that the electric field lines were perpendicular to the equipotential lines at each point. This makes sense because the electric field lines are emitted radially from the electrode, and thus are normal to the equipotential lines (which are arranged circumferentially at corresponding radii).

Here's my question...

How can one prove that the electric field lines go from higher to lower voltage sources and are perpendicular to the equipotential lines Using the equation below.

Homework Equations


The equation given is V_b-V_a = (-1)*(b-->a ∫E*ds)

The Attempt at a Solution



b is the final point of the point charge (closer to the positive electrode), and a is the initial point (farther from the electrode). Since the final point is higher in voltage than the initial point (due to the r in kq/r being smaller when the charge is closer to the positive electrode), the left side of the equation will be the positive value of the voltage at b minus the voltage at a. The right side will be E_a-E_b, due to the bounds switching because of the (-1). If the reference V_a was 0, this would mean that
V_b = Ea-Eb. This is the point where I get stuck.
 
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  • #2
How can I use this equation to prove that the electric field lines go from higher to lower voltage sources and are perpendicular to the equipotential lines?
 

FAQ: Prove Electric Field Lines Go from High to Low Voltage Sources

What are electric field lines?

Electric field lines are a visual representation of the electric field surrounding a charged object. They show the direction and strength of the electric field at different points in space.

How do electric field lines relate to voltage sources?

Electric field lines originate from positive voltage sources and terminate at negative voltage sources. They show the direction that a positive test charge would move in the presence of an electric field created by voltage sources.

Why do electric field lines go from high to low voltage sources?

This is due to the nature of electric charge. Positive charges tend to move towards areas of lower potential energy, while negative charges move towards areas of higher potential energy. Therefore, electric field lines go from areas of high voltage (positive charges) to areas of low voltage (negative charges).

How can you prove that electric field lines go from high to low voltage sources?

One way to prove this is by using a voltmeter and placing it at different points along an electric field line. The voltmeter will show a decrease in voltage as it moves closer to the negative voltage source, providing evidence that the electric field lines are indeed going from high to low voltage sources.

Are there any exceptions to the rule that electric field lines go from high to low voltage sources?

In certain situations, such as when dealing with non-conservative electric fields, the direction of electric field lines may not follow the rule of going from high to low voltage sources. However, in most cases, this rule holds true and is an important concept in understanding electric fields and voltage sources.

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