Prove that a function defined by an integral is C^2

In summary: I'll do that first then move on to the rest.In summary, we are given a function f that is C^{2} and a bounded subset S\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{n} such that f\restriction(\mathbb{R}^{n}\backslash S)=0. We want to show that the function g defined as g(u)=\int f(u+v)\log|v|dv is also C^{2}. To do so, we first need to show that g exists and that we can permute the derivative and integral. Once we have established these results, we can then differentiate g twice and show that the partials are continuous, thus proving that g is C^{2}.
  • #1
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Homework Statement


Let [itex]n\geq 2[/itex] and define [itex]f:\mathbb{R}^{n}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}[/itex] such that [itex]f[/itex] is [itex]C^{2}[/itex]. Suppose that there is a bounded [itex]S\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{n}[/itex] such that [itex]f\restriction(\mathbb{R}^{n}\backslash S)=0[/itex]. Define [itex]g:\mathbb{R}^{n}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}[/itex] by [itex]g(u)=\int f(u+v)\log|v|dv[/itex]. Show that [itex]g[/itex] is [itex]C^{2}[/itex].

The Attempt at a Solution


Since [itex]f[/itex] is [itex]C^{2}[/itex] I was thinking that I could define a new function $$\varphi(u,v)=u+v$$ where [itex]\varphi:\mathbb{R}^{n}\times\mathbb{R}^{n}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^{n}[/itex]. Then [itex]f(u+v)=f\circ\varphi[/itex]. Since the integral defined by [itex]g[/itex] is integrated in terms of [itex]v[/itex] we could just differentiate each term of [itex]g[/itex] like so:
$$
\begin{align*}
\partial_{u_{1}}g(u)
&=\partial_{u_{1}}\int f\circ\varphi\log|v|dv=\int\partial_{u_{1}}(f\circ\varphi\log|v|)dv\\
&=\int(\partial_{u_{1}}f\circ\varphi)(\partial_{u_{1}}\varphi)\log|v|dv
\end{align*}
$$
and we would do this for all [itex]n[/itex] elements of [itex]u[/itex]. To show that [itex]g[/itex] is [itex]C^{2}[/itex] we could just differentiate twice. Of course I would also have to show that these partials are continuous.

Does this look correct or am I missing something big? Any help would be appreciated.
 
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  • #2
I'm assuming this is a problem for a course in real analysis? Then I think you're on the right track. However, you should first show, by referring to results you [should] already have seen, that
1) The function g actually exists (that is, the integral actually makes sense),
2) You actually CAN permute the derivative and integral like that.
The second of the two uses a fairly standard result (sometimes called the Leibniz integral rule).
After you've shown this, then your argument works fine.
 
  • #3
Yes. This is for real analysis. Thanks for the heads up that I have to show that the function g actually exists. Otherwise I would have completely left that part out.
 

FAQ: Prove that a function defined by an integral is C^2

What is a function defined by an integral?

A function defined by an integral is a type of function where the value of the function is determined by an integral expression. This means that the function is defined by an equation that involves the integration of another function.

What does it mean for a function to be C^2?

A function being C^2 means that it is twice continuously differentiable. This means that the function has two continuous derivatives which exist and are continuous throughout its domain.

How can you prove that a function defined by an integral is C^2?

To prove that a function defined by an integral is C^2, you can use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, which states that if a function is defined by an integral, then it is differentiable and its derivative is the integrand function. Using this theorem, you can show that the function has continuous first and second derivatives, making it C^2.

Are there any conditions that must be met for a function defined by an integral to be C^2?

Yes, there are certain conditions that must be met for a function defined by an integral to be C^2. Firstly, the integrand function must be continuous and the integral limits must be finite. Additionally, the integrand function must also be continuous on the interval between the integral limits.

What are the advantages of using a function defined by an integral compared to other types of functions?

Functions defined by integrals have the advantage of being able to represent complex relationships between variables. They also allow for a more accurate representation of real-world phenomena, as they can model changes in a variable over a continuous range. Additionally, they can be used to solve a wide range of problems in different fields such as physics, engineering, and economics.

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