Proving that e^{ikx} is primary with weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4)

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In summary, the first line represents the normal ordering of the operators A and B at the point z. The second line uses the Wick theorem to expand the product of A and B in terms of creation and annihilation operators. The third line applies the operator relation to get the final result.
  • #1
LCSphysicist
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Homework Statement
I can't understand the line of reasoning used by David Tong (on its lectures of CFT).
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1676395218266.png


Where

##:## really means normal ordered, in the sense that ##:A(w)B(z): = \lim_{w \to z} \left ( A(w)B(z) - \langle A(w)B(z) \rangle \right )##

##\partial X(z) = \frac{\partial X(z)}{\partial z}##

How do we go form the first line to the second one?? I am not understanding it!

it seems to me that we start with
$$\partial X(z) : X(w)^n : = \partial X(z) : X(w)^{n-1} X(w) :$$
Then, for some reason

$$\partial X(z) : X(w)^{n-1} X(w) : \rightarrow n X(w)^{n-1} :\partial X(z) X(w): $$

Since

$$: \partial X(z) X(w) = \frac{-\alpha'}{2 (z-w)} $$

We got the answer, but how?
 
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  • #2
You must use Wick theorem, which is the same as in ordinary QFT.
 
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Related to Proving that e^{ikx} is primary with weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4)

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What does it mean for \( e^{ikx} \) to be primary with weight \( h = \hbar = \alpha k^2 / 4 \)?

In the context of conformal field theory, a primary field is a field that transforms in a specific way under scaling and conformal transformations. The weight \( h \) is a parameter that characterizes this transformation. For the function \( e^{ikx} \), being primary with weight \( h = \hbar = \alpha k^2 / 4 \) means that it transforms according to these rules with the given weight, where \( \hbar \) is the reduced Planck constant and \( \alpha \) is a proportionality constant.

How do you prove that \( e^{ikx} \) is primary with the given weight?

To prove that \( e^{ikx} \) is primary with weight \( h = \hbar = \alpha k^2 / 4 \), one typically shows that it satisfies the conformal transformation properties of a primary field with the specified weight. This involves demonstrating that under a conformal transformation, the function \( e^{ikx} \) transforms in a way that includes a scaling factor raised to the power of the weight \( h \). Mathematically, this can be shown through the application of the generator of conformal transformations to \( e^{ikx} \) and verifying that the result matches the expected form.

What role does the constant \( \alpha \) play in the weight \( h = \hbar = \alpha k^2 / 4 \)?

The constant \( \alpha \) is a proportionality factor that relates the wave number \( k \) to the weight \( h \). It essentially scales the influence of \( k^2 \) on the weight. The choice of \( \alpha \) can depend on the specific physical or mathematical context in which the primary field is being analyzed. In some cases, \( \alpha \) may be determined by the underlying theory or symmetry principles.

Why is the weight \( h \) expressed in terms of \( k^2 \) and not just \( k \)?

The weight \( h \) is expressed in terms of \( k^2 \) because the wave number \( k \) typically appears squared in the context of energy or other quadratic quantities in physical theories. For instance, in quantum mechanics, the energy of a free particle is proportional to \( k^2 \). This quadratic dependence reflects the dispersion relation and ensures that the weight \( h \) appropriately scales with the energy or other relevant physical quantities.

Can the weight \( h \) be negative, and what would that imply for \( e^{ik

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