Pulleys and Conservation of Energy

In summary, the problem involves a system with fixed pulleys and identical masses connected by massless ropes. The task is to find the upward acceleration of the left mass using only the Conservation of Energy principle and relevant equations. However, the initial attempt at solving the problem results in an incorrect answer due to incorrect application of the kinematic equation and the conservation equation.
  • #1
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1. In the system shown in the figure, the pulleys on the left and right are fixed, but the pulley in the center can move left or right. The two hanging masses are identical, and the pulleys and ropes are all massless. Find the upward acceleration of the mass on the left, in terms of g.
2. I have to solve this problem using only Conservation of Energy. The following equations are relevant: K = (1/2)mv^2 and U = mgy
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3. I began by setting up a general Conservation of Energy equation.

I'm calling the left mass m1 and the right mass m2
m1 = m2 = m

ΔU1 + ΔU2 + ΔK2 = ΔK1
mgΔy1 + mgΔy2 + (1/2)mv2^2 = (1/2)m1^2

(( v^2 = 2aΔy)) Substitute kinematic equation for velocity

gΔy1 + gΔy2 + aΔy2 = aΔy1

(( Δy1 = -2Δy2)) Substitute Δy1 in terms of Δy2

-2gΔy2 + gΔy2 + aΔy2 = -2aΔy2
-2g + g = -2a - a
-g = -3a
(1/3)g = a

This however, doesn't seem to be correct. Any hints on where I may have gone wrong? Thanks!
 
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  • #2
Looking at this quickly, a couple of points:
(1) the acceleration of the masses, and hence their speeds, are not the same; one of them accelerates at twice the rate of the other.
(2) Your conservation of energy equation is wrong. It's delta K_total plus delta U_total =0. I'm not sure why you have one of the delta K's on the other side of the equation.
 

FAQ: Pulleys and Conservation of Energy

What is a pulley and how does it work?

A pulley is a simple machine that consists of a wheel with a groove around its circumference and a rope or cable that is looped around the wheel. When a force is applied to one end of the rope, it causes the wheel to rotate, transferring the force to the other end of the rope. This allows for the lifting or lowering of objects with less effort.

How does a pulley conserve energy?

A pulley conserves energy by distributing the force needed to move an object over a longer distance. This means that less force is required to lift an object using a pulley compared to lifting it directly. This is due to the principle of conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another.

What is the difference between a fixed and a movable pulley?

A fixed pulley has a stationary axle and is attached to a support, while a movable pulley has a movable axle and is attached to the object being lifted. In a fixed pulley, the direction of the force applied is changed, but the magnitude of the force remains the same. In a movable pulley, the force needed to lift the object is reduced by half.

Can a pulley system increase the mechanical advantage?

Yes, a pulley system can increase the mechanical advantage, which is the ratio of the output force to the input force. By using multiple pulleys in a system, the force needed to lift an object can be reduced even further. This is known as a compound pulley system and can greatly increase the efficiency of lifting heavy objects.

Are there any real-life applications of pulleys and conservation of energy?

There are many real-life applications of pulleys and conservation of energy. Pulleys are commonly used in construction, transportation, and manufacturing industries to move heavy objects. They are also used in elevators and cranes. Additionally, the concept of conservation of energy is used in various renewable energy technologies such as hydroelectric power and wind turbines.

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