Potential difference, also known as voltage, is the difference in electrical potential energy between two points in an electric circuit. It is the driving force that causes electric charges to flow from one point to another.
Potential difference is measured in volts (V) using a voltmeter. The voltmeter is connected in parallel to the two points in the circuit where the potential difference is being measured.
Potential difference is caused by the separation of positive and negative charges. This separation creates an electric field, which is the source of the potential difference.
Potential difference is directly proportional to the flow of electric current. This means that the greater the potential difference, the greater the flow of electric current. Conversely, a smaller potential difference will result in a smaller flow of electric current.
Yes, potential difference can be negative. This occurs when the direction of the flow of electric current is reversed. In this case, the negative sign indicates that the direction of the flow is opposite to the direction of the electric field.