Question regarding the derivation of the wave equation

In summary, the conversation discusses a derivation involving dividing by Δx and taking the limit as Δx goes to 0. The speaker is confused about how the author is able to transform √(Δx2 + Δu2) into √(1 + (du/dx)2) on the left side of the equation. The solution involves using a property of limits, specifically the n-th root property, which states that the limit of the n-th root of a function is equal to the n-th root of the limit of the function, if the latter exists. This property is commonly taught and can be proven using epsilon-delta arguments.
  • #1
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Homework Statement


There's a derivation here that I'm looking at, and I've hit a snag. At (1) about 15 lines down the page, the author divides by Δx and takes the limit as Δx goes to 0. I understand what he did on the right side of the equation, but on the left side of the equation, by what means is he able to transform √(Δx2 + Δu2) into √(1 + (du/dx)2)? I'm kind of lost there.
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http://www.math.ubc.ca/~feldman/m256/wave.pdf

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution

 
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  • #2
It uses the following property of limits:

The limit of the n-th root of function f(x) exists and is equal to the n-th root of the limit of f(x), if the latter exists.

Here n is 2.

The property is often taught in teaching limits, and is easy to prove using epsilon-delta arguments.
 

FAQ: Question regarding the derivation of the wave equation

What is the wave equation and what does it represent?

The wave equation is a mathematical representation of a wave, which describes the relationship between the wave's position, time, and amplitude. It is a second-order partial differential equation that is used to model various types of waves, such as sound waves, light waves, and water waves.

How is the wave equation derived?

The wave equation can be derived using the principles of classical mechanics, specifically the laws of motion and conservation of energy. The derivation involves analyzing the forces acting on a small element of a wave and using differential equations to describe its motion.

What are the assumptions made in the derivation of the wave equation?

The derivation of the wave equation assumes that the medium in which the wave travels is homogeneous, isotropic, and continuous. It also assumes that the wave is propagating in a single direction and that the amplitude of the wave is small enough to be considered linear.

What are the applications of the wave equation?

The wave equation has numerous applications in physics, engineering, and other fields. It is used to study and understand the behavior of waves in different media, such as sound waves in air, electromagnetic waves in space, and water waves in the ocean. It is also used in the design and analysis of various technologies, such as antennas, acoustic devices, and optical fibers.

Are there any limitations to the wave equation?

While the wave equation is a powerful tool for studying waves, it does have some limitations. It is a linear equation, which means it can only accurately describe waves with small amplitudes. It also does not take into account the effects of dispersion, which is the phenomenon of waves traveling at different speeds depending on their frequency. Additionally, the wave equation does not account for nonlinear behaviors, such as wave breaking.

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