Question regarding to acceleration in the rate of expansion of our cosmos

[aditya ver.2.0]

Dark Energy is one of the primitive forces of cosmos, existing since early years after Big Bang and its noted that its still is accelerating the rate of expansion of our universe. My question is that what is the source of this mysteries force?People stay that it existed ever in the universe.So how did the cosmos crunch into a volume of nutshell before the Big Bang? And how is constantly increasing its energy and increasing the rate of expansion much further?

 

[aditya ver.2.0]

As we have not in balloons, that when we blow in air their rubber membrane starts to expand . But if we blow in air with greater energy, the rate of expansion increase with time. But all this is due to the presence of the solid membrane that makes the covering of the balloon. My question is that how can the expansion of cosmos increase in the presence of dark energy and acceleration continuous with time?

 

[Nugatory]

You may want to take a look at this sticky thread in the Cosmology forum https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/effort-to-get-us-all-on-the-same-page-balloon-analogy.261161/ as well as the FAQ there. After you've read some more, you may find yourself with some more specific questions for which we'll be able to provide better answers.

 

[Torbjorn_L]

The balloon analogy thread seems a good place to start. But I could attempt sketches to some of this as best I understand it:

My question is that what is the source of this mysteries force? People stay that it existed ever in the universe.

Dark energy is believed to be the energy of the vacuum. And our inflationary cosmology has a vacuum as far back as we know about.

So how did the cosmos crunch into a volume of nutshell before the Big Bang?

It didn't have to, it has also been expanding as far back as we know about.

Are you confusing the observable universe with the (local) universe? The former had to have a volume smaller than a proton when we go as far back as we know about. The latter is at least 1000 times larger but we don't know how large it is. It could, arguably, be infinite.

And how is constantly increasing its energy and increasing the rate of expansion much further?

Why would the universe increase in energy? The universe has no measure of global energy that enough people can agree on. (And when they agree on something such, it turns out it doesn't change due to that general relativity balances the terms AFAIU.)

If you think the mystery is where various energy "comes from", you have it easy. It doesn't seem to be the problem, if the universe expands it will continue to do so. The real mystery is where spacetime "comes from" as it expands. Who ordered that, that it can expand!? Yet it has to be able to do so, else we can't have the same physics everywhere, this is what general relativity guarantees us.

The increase in expansion is simply (well...) what happens when vacuum energy dominates according to general relativity. When matter and/or radiation dominates the expansion rate changes differently. It is internal phase changes that decides the behavior, akin to how a gas or a liquid behaves differently as you push a piston in a cylinder. In fact, an isolated ICE cylinder is the best analogy I can think of - you have dumped in fuel and oxidizer and can burn/not burn so different expansion behavior - with no energy exchange with the "outside".

 

[sardar]

The source of dark energy is still a mystery in the field of cosmology. It is believed to be a form of energy that permeates the entire universe and is responsible for the accelerating expansion of the cosmos. However, the exact nature and origin of this energy is still unknown.

One theory suggests that dark energy is related to the vacuum energy of space, which is the energy that exists even in the absence of matter or radiation. This energy may have been present since the early stages of the universe and has been driving the expansion ever since.

Another theory suggests that dark energy is a manifestation of a new fundamental force in the universe. This force would be different from the four known fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetism, strong and weak nuclear forces) and would have a repulsive effect, causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate.

As for the initial state of the universe before the Big Bang, it is still a topic of debate and research. Some theories propose that the universe underwent a phase of rapid expansion known as inflation, which could explain the uniformity and flatness of the universe we observe today. However, the exact mechanisms of inflation and the conditions before the Big Bang are still being investigated.

In conclusion, the source of dark energy and the state of the universe before the Big Bang are still open questions in cosmology. Further research and advancements in technology may provide us with a better understanding of these mysteries in the future.