Radioactive Dating: Age of Ancient Rock Determined by Half-Life

In summary, the age of the ancient rock is 4500 million years because the half-life of uranium is 4500 million years. This means that half of the original uranium atoms in the rock have decayed into lead atoms over this time period. The ratio between the number of present uranium atoms and the initial number of uranium atoms can be used to calculate the age of the rock.
  • #1
reree17
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A sample of an ancient rock contains one atom of lead for every atom of uranium. the uranium in the rock has a half - life of 4500 million years. It decays to form lead which is not radioactive. Explain why the age of the rock is 4500 million years.

I assumed that 1 x 4500 million years = 0.5 atom (half) / 2
2 x 4500 million years = 1 atom / 2. I have no idea what I was doing, ignore my terrible attempt. What I don't understand is WHY the age of the rock is 4500 million years, can someone please explain?
 
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  • #2
Half life means the time needed that the amount of the material decrease half of its initial amount. Uranium 238 undergoes a long decay chain till it becomes lead, but the half lives of all the intermediate steps are much shorter than the first one when the uranium atom decays to thorium, by emitting an alpha particle. So one can consider that half of the original uranium atoms in the rock converts to lead atoms in 4500 million years. The rock contains eual number of uranium atoms and lead atoms. All the lead atoms were uranium atoms at the beginning, when the rock was formed. What is the ratio between the number of the present uranium atoms to the initial number of uranium?

ehild
 

FAQ: Radioactive Dating: Age of Ancient Rock Determined by Half-Life

What is radioactive dating?

Radioactive dating is a method used by scientists to determine the age of ancient rocks and fossils by measuring the amount of radioactive elements present in them. This technique is based on the principle that certain elements, known as radioactive isotopes, decay at a constant rate over time.

How does radioactive dating work?

In radioactive dating, scientists measure the amount of a radioactive isotope, such as carbon-14 or uranium-238, present in a sample of rock or fossil. They then compare this amount to the amount of stable, non-radioactive elements in the sample. By knowing the rate of decay of the radioactive isotope, they can calculate the age of the sample.

What is half-life?

Half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of the atoms in a radioactive isotope to decay into stable, non-radioactive atoms. This is a constant rate of decay and is used in radioactive dating to calculate the age of a sample.

What are the limitations of radioactive dating?

While radioactive dating is a useful tool for determining the age of ancient rocks and fossils, it does have some limitations. One limitation is that it can only be used on materials that contain radioactive elements. Additionally, the accuracy of the dating method can be affected by factors such as contamination and the presence of other materials that can interfere with the decay process.

Why is radioactive dating important in science?

Radioactive dating is important in science because it can provide valuable information about the history of our planet and the evolution of life on Earth. It is also used in a variety of fields, including archaeology, geology, and environmental science, to date artifacts and study the Earth's past climate and geological processes.

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