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somecelxis
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Homework Statement
why must ammonia present in excess in order to get mono-substituted primary amine
A haloalkane is a type of organic compound that contains one or more halogen atoms (such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) bonded to a carbon atom. They are commonly used as solvents, refrigerants, and pesticides.
The reaction between a haloalkane and ammonia is known as a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The halogen atom in the haloalkane is replaced by an amino group (-NH2) from the ammonia molecule. This results in the formation of an amine compound.
The main factors that influence this reaction are the type of haloalkane, the concentration of ammonia, the nature of the solvent, and the reaction temperature. Different haloalkanes and varying reaction conditions can result in different reaction rates and products.
Haloalkanes and ammonia are both toxic chemicals and can pose health hazards if proper precautions are not taken. They should be handled in a well-ventilated area and protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should be worn. Inhalation or skin contact with these chemicals should be avoided.
This reaction is commonly used in organic synthesis to produce amines, which are important building blocks for pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other organic compounds. It is also used in the production of plastics, rubber, and other industrial chemicals.