Reflecting Ray from Concave Mirror: Parabola Focus

In summary, a ray of light is reflected off a concave mirror and passes through the focus of the parabola $y^2 = 4ax$. The point of incidence is at $(\frac{b^2}{4a},b)$ and the equation of the reflected ray is $y-b=\frac{4ab}{b^2-4a^2} \left( x-\frac{b^2}{4a}\right)$.
  • #1
sbhatnagar
87
0
A ray of light is coming along the line $y=b$,($b>0$), from the positive direction of the x-axis and strikes a concave mirror whose intersection with the $x-y$ plane is the parabola $y^2 = 4ax$,($a>0$). Find the equation of the reflected ray and show that it passes through the focus of the parabola.
 
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  • #2
The point on the mirror where the ray strikes it is:

$\displaystyle \left(\frac{b^2}{4a},b \right)$

The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

Let $\displaystyle x_r=my+k$ represent the path of the reflected ray. We need to show that $\displaystyle (k,0)$ is the focus of the parabola, and is in fact independent of $\displaystyle b$.

The law of reflection gives us:

$\displaystyle \frac{\pi}{2}-\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{dx}{dy} \right)=\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{dx}{dy} \right)+\pi-\tan^{-1}(m)$

Simplifying and using $\displaystyle \frac{dx}{dy}=\frac{y}{2a}$ we have:

$\displaystyle \tan^{-1}(m)-\frac{\pi}{2}=2\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{y}{2a} \right)$

Taking the tangent of both sides, using a co-function identity on the left and a double-angle identity on the right, we have:

$\displaystyle -\frac{1}{m}=\frac{\frac{y}{a}}{1-\left(\frac{y}{2a} \right)^2}$

$\displaystyle m=\frac{\left(\frac{y}{2a} \right)^2-1}{\frac{y}{a}}=\frac{y^2-4a^2}{4ay}$

We may now state, using the point $\displaystyle \left(\frac{b^2}{4a},b \right)$:

$\displaystyle k=\frac{b^2}{4a}-\left(\frac{b^2-4a^2}{4ab} \right)b=\frac{b^2-b^2+4a^2}{4a}=a$

We know the focus of the given parable is at $\displaystyle (a,0)$, thus we have shown the reflected ray will pass through the focus.
 
  • #3
Here are my ideas. Let $P$ be the point of incidence. $P$ is the intersection of the line $y=b$ and the parabola $y^2=4ax$.

View attachment 490

The point $P$ will be $\left( \frac{b^2}{4a},b\right)$.
The equation of tangent $PT$ at $P$ is

$y \cdot b=2a\left( x+\frac{b^2}{4a}\right)$

The slope of this line is $\displaystyle \tan(\theta)=\frac{2a}{b}$(see the diagram)

Let the slope of the reflected ray be $m$.

$$ \begin{aligned} \therefore \ \tan \theta &= \Bigg| \frac{m-\frac{2a}{b}}{1+m\frac{2a}{b}}\Bigg| \\ \frac{2a}{b} &=\Bigg| \frac{m-\frac{2a}{b}}{1+m\frac{2a}{b}}\Bigg|\end{aligned} $$

From here, $\displaystyle m= \frac{4ab}{b^2-4a^2}$

Therefore, the equation of the reflected ray is

$\displaystyle y-b=\frac{4ab}{b^2-4a^2} \left( x-\frac{b^2}{4a}\right)$

This line satisfies the point $(a,0)$, therefore the reflected ray passes through the focus.
 

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FAQ: Reflecting Ray from Concave Mirror: Parabola Focus

1. How does a concave mirror reflect light?

A concave mirror reflects light by focusing the rays of light that hit its surface onto a single point known as the focal point. This is due to the curved shape of the mirror, which causes light rays to bounce off at different angles and converge at the focal point.

2. What is the difference between a concave and convex mirror?

The main difference between a concave and convex mirror is their curvature. A concave mirror curves inward, causing light rays to converge and create a focal point. On the other hand, a convex mirror curves outward, causing light rays to diverge and appear smaller than they actually are.

3. How does the distance between an object and a concave mirror affect the reflected image?

The distance between an object and a concave mirror affects the size and orientation of the reflected image. If the object is placed beyond the focal point, the image will be inverted and larger than the object. If the object is placed between the focal point and the mirror, the image will also be inverted but smaller than the object. If the object is placed at the focal point, there will be no reflected image as all the light rays will converge at the same point.

4. What is the significance of the focal point in a concave mirror?

The focal point is significant in a concave mirror because it is the point where all the reflected light rays converge. This point is useful in determining the size and orientation of the reflected image, as well as in designing optical instruments such as telescopes and microscopes.

5. How is the focal length of a concave mirror calculated?

The focal length of a concave mirror can be calculated by using the formula: f = R/2, where f is the focal length and R is the radius of curvature of the mirror. The radius of curvature can be measured by finding the distance between the center of the mirror and its focal point.

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