The role of metals in living systems is diverse and essential. Metals are involved in various biological processes such as enzyme reactions, oxygen transport, and maintaining the structure of biological molecules.
The most commonly found metals in living systems are iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, calcium, and manganese. These metals play critical roles in various biological processes and are present in varying concentrations in different organisms.
Metals interact with biological molecules through coordination bonds, where the metal ion is surrounded by specific amino acid residues in proteins or nucleic acid bases in DNA or RNA. These interactions are crucial for the proper functioning of biological molecules.
Deficiency or excess of metals in living systems can have detrimental effects on the organism. For example, iron deficiency can lead to anemia, while excess copper can cause neurological damage. It is essential for organisms to maintain a balance of metals for optimal functioning.
Living systems have specific mechanisms for regulating the levels of metals. These include metal-binding proteins, transport proteins, and excretion mechanisms. These processes help maintain the balance of metals in the body and prevent toxic levels from accumulating.