Show energy of the wave eqn is conserved from bc's

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In summary, the conversation discusses a problem involving the energy of a 1D wave equation with a given wave function \(u(x,t)\). The conversation first mentions finding the formula for the time derivative of energy and then moves on to showing that given certain boundary conditions, the energy must be conserved. One of the pairs of boundary conditions is straightforward, while the other one is confusing. It is eventually clarified that the confusion was due to a typo and with the correct boundary conditions, it is possible to deduce the second pair from the first one. The conversation ends with the topic being moved to the Applied Mathematics forum.
  • #1
skate_nerd
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I have this problem that seemed pretty straight forward at first, but now I'm getting kind of stuck. I was given the expression for the energy of the 1D wave equation where the wave function is denoted as \(u(x,t)\). The energy is
\[E(t) = \int_{0}^{L}\frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{dt}{u^2}(x,t) + \frac{c^2}{2}\frac{d}{dx}{u^2}(x,t)dx\]
At first I needed to find the formula for the time derivative of energy, which I got:
\[\frac{dE}{dt}=c^2\frac{d}{dt}u(L,t)\frac{d}{dx}u(L,t)-c^2\frac{d}{dt}u(0,t)\frac{d}{dx}u(0,t)\]
Now the last two parts are to show that given certain boundary conditions, the energy must be conserved. So basically I take two boundary conditions and show that the above formula has to end up being equal to zero.

The second pair of boundary conditions are straight forward, because they say
\[\frac{d}{dx}u(L,t)=\frac{d}{dt}u(0,t)=0\] so that obviously makes the expression for \(\frac{dE}{dt}=0\).

The first pair is confusing me though. They say that
\[u(0,t)=u(L,t)=0\]
I'm pretty sure it is not the case that if a function has a zero at a certain \(x\) value, then so does its derivative(s). So what am I supposed to do with this information? I've been stuck on this for a while, my brain can't come up with anything. Any help would be awesome!
 
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  • #2
Hey skatenerd! :)

skatenerd said:
I have this problem that seemed pretty straight forward at first, but now I'm getting kind of stuck. I was given the expression for the energy of the 1D wave equation where the wave function is denoted as \(u(x,t)\). The energy is
\[E(t) = \int_{0}^{L}\frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{dt}{u^2}(x,t) + \frac{c^2}{2}\frac{d}{dx}{u^2}(x,t)dx\]

Starting at the beginning, I think you have the wrong equation.
Might it be the following?
\[E(t) = \int_{0}^{L}\frac{1}{2} \Big(\frac{d}{dt}{u}(x,t)\Big)^2 + \frac{c^2}{2}\Big(\frac{d}{dx}{u}(x,t)\Big)^2 dx\]
 
  • #3
Sorry, that is what I meant to write. And the expression I arrived at for \(\frac{dE}{dt}\) is the correct expression that they expected us to arrive at.
 
  • #4
skatenerd said:
Now the last two parts are to show that given certain boundary conditions, the energy must be conserved. So basically I take two boundary conditions and show that the above formula has to end up being equal to zero.

It is not clear to me what your boundary conditions are...
The second pair of boundary conditions are straight forward, because they say
\[\frac{d}{dx}u(L,t)=\frac{d}{dt}u(0,t)=0\] so that obviously makes the expression for \(\frac{dE}{dt}=0\).

Can it be that this contains a typo?
It seems more likely to me it should be:
\[\frac{d}{dt}u(L,t)=\frac{d}{dt}u(0,t)=0\]

That is, waves can go forward and backward, but the end points are fixed and do not change in time.
The first pair is confusing me though. They say that
\[u(0,t)=u(L,t)=0\]
I'm pretty sure it is not the case that if a function has a zero at a certain \(x\) value, then so does its derivative(s). So what am I supposed to do with this information? I've been stuck on this for a while, my brain can't come up with anything. Any help would be awesome!

That depends on the derivative you're talking about.

If a function is zero for all values of t, its derivative with respect to t is also zero.
In other words, that "second pair of boundary conditions" can be deduced from this first pair (assuming you have indeed a typo in the second pair).
On the other hand, you can't say much about the derivatives with respect to x, but then, you don't need those.Btw, I'm moving this thread to Applied Mathematics, since it is mostly about the interpretation of the wave equation.
 
  • #5
Ahhhhh okay that totally makes sense, I didn't think of it that way. Also, I made a typo in both the boundary conditions, but not in the way you guessed. It should have been for the first pair:
\[u(0,T)=u(L,t)=0\]
(I didn't notice on the left side that it was a capital \(T\) instead of lower case, meaning one period and not all values of \(t\)) and the second pair is
\[\frac{d}{dx}u(0,t)=u(L,t)=0\]
Of course I think you could tell, but I never really clarified that all the \(\frac{d}{dx}\)'s and \(\frac{d}{dt}\)'s should be partial derivatives (except for the time derivative of \(E(t)\)).
Thanks for the help though, I think I should be able to answer both the problems now. Appreciate it!
 

FAQ: Show energy of the wave eqn is conserved from bc's

What is the wave equation?

The wave equation is a mathematical equation that describes the behavior and propagation of waves. It is a second-order partial differential equation that relates the second derivative of a quantity (such as displacement or pressure) with respect to time and the second derivative of the same quantity with respect to space.

How is energy related to the wave equation?

The wave equation is derived from the principle of conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another. In the case of waves, the energy of a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude and the square of its frequency. This relationship is expressed in the wave equation.

What does it mean for the energy of the wave equation to be conserved?

Conservation of energy in the context of the wave equation means that the total energy of a system remains constant over time. This is because the wave equation is derived from the principle of conservation of energy, and it is a fundamental property of physical systems that energy is conserved.

How are boundary conditions related to the conservation of energy in the wave equation?

The boundary conditions of a system refer to the constraints that are imposed on the system at its boundaries. In the context of the wave equation, these boundary conditions determine the behavior of the wave at the boundaries and thus affect the energy conservation of the system. By specifying appropriate boundary conditions, the energy of the wave equation can be conserved.

Can you provide an example of how the energy of the wave equation is conserved from boundary conditions?

One example of this is a string fixed at both ends and plucked to create a standing wave. The boundary conditions in this case are the fixed ends of the string, and the energy of the system is conserved as the wave oscillates back and forth between potential and kinetic energy. This is because the specific boundary conditions of the fixed ends do not allow for any energy to be lost or added to the system, resulting in conservation of energy.

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