The equivalent resistance can be found by open-circuiting the voltage source and calculating the total resistance of the circuit. The equivalent voltage is equal to the voltage across the open-circuited terminals, and the equivalent current is the total current through the circuit with the voltage source removed.
Thevenin's theorem states that any linear circuit with voltage and current sources can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single voltage source in series with a single resistor. Norton's theorem is similar, but instead of a voltage source, it uses a current source in parallel with the resistor.
To apply Thevenin's theorem to a circuit with multiple voltage sources, you can combine the voltage sources using Kirchhoff's voltage law to find the equivalent voltage. Then, use the parallel and series resistor combination rules to find the equivalent resistance. Once you have the equivalent voltage and resistance, you can use Thevenin's theorem as usual.
No, Thevenin's theorem can only be used for linear circuits. Non-linear circuits, such as those containing diodes or transistors, cannot be reduced to a simple voltage source and resistor.
The procedure for finding the Thevenin equivalent circuit for a RLC circuit with dependent sources is the same as for a circuit with independent sources. Simply open-circuit the voltage sources and short-circuit the current sources, and then calculate the equivalent resistance and voltage using the methods described in question 1. The dependent sources will still be present in the equivalent circuit.
