Solving the Motion of an Electron in a Magnetic/Electrical Field

In summary, the formula for an electron with arbitrary starting position and velocity traveling in a constant magnetic field pointing in the z direction is F(x, x', t) = q(v × B(x, t)). To solve for the motion, the vector equation must be split into three scalar equations, with one for each component (x, y, z). The scalar equation for the x-component can be written as F_x = -qBv_y, which is equivalent to the equation of motion d²x/dt² = -(qB/m)(dy/dt).
  • #1
Icheb
42
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I have a constant magnetic field pointing in the direction of the z axis and I'm supposed to find a formula for the way an electron with arbitrary starting position and velocity would travel in this field.

The formula in this case would be

F(x, x', t) = q(v × B(x, t))

and I'm stuck at the point where I have to split this formula into the three equations for motion. Would I just use

F(x, x', t) = q(x' × B(x, t))

and so on or am I missing something? And how would I proceed afterwards?Then there's also a similar problem, but with an electrical field pointing in the direction of the y axis. Which formula would I use here? The only one I can think of is F = q*E, but don't I need a formula that contains information about the particle involved?
 
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  • #2
First, there is no x and t dependence on B; the question says that it is constant in the z direction. Then you have to split that vector equation of yours into 3 scalar equations: one for each components. I'll do one for you since this seems to be confusing to you:

[tex]\vec{F}=q(\vec{v}\times B\hat{z})[/tex]

[tex]\Leftrightarrow F_x\hat{x}+F_y\hat{y}+F_z\hat{z}=qB(v_x\hat{z}-v_y\hat{x})[/tex]

Therefor, the scalar equation corresponding to the x-component is

[tex]F_x=-qBv_y[/tex]

But since v_y=dy/dt and by Newton's second law, F_x=md²x/dt², that equation is equivalent to

[tex]\frac{d^2x}{dt^2}=-\frac{qB}{m}\frac{dy}{dt}[/tex]
 

FAQ: Solving the Motion of an Electron in a Magnetic/Electrical Field

How do magnetic and electrical fields affect the motion of an electron?

Magnetic and electrical fields both exert a force on an electron, causing it to change its direction and speed. The direction of the force depends on the orientation of the field and the charge of the electron. This force can be calculated using the Lorentz force equation.

What factors influence the path of an electron in a magnetic or electrical field?

The path of an electron in a magnetic or electrical field is influenced by its charge, mass, velocity, and the strength and orientation of the field. The electron's path can also be affected by any other forces acting on it, such as gravity or friction.

How can we mathematically model the motion of an electron in a magnetic or electrical field?

The motion of an electron in a magnetic or electrical field can be modeled using equations from classical mechanics and electromagnetism. The most commonly used equations include the Lorentz force equation, the equations for circular motion, and the equations for the motion of a charged particle in a uniform electric field.

Are there any real-world applications for understanding the motion of electrons in magnetic or electrical fields?

Yes, understanding the motion of electrons in magnetic or electrical fields is crucial for many modern technologies. This knowledge is used in the design and operation of devices such as electric motors, generators, particle accelerators, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines.

Can the motion of an electron in a magnetic or electrical field be manipulated or controlled?

Yes, the motion of an electron in a magnetic or electrical field can be manipulated and controlled using various techniques. These include changing the strength or orientation of the field, adjusting the velocity of the electron, or using other external forces to counteract the effects of the field. These techniques are essential for many technological applications that rely on precise control of electron motion.

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