Speed of body traveling in elliptical path

In summary, the body follows an elliptical path defined by r = sd/(1-s*cosP). If the angular speed is constant, v is the magnitude of the velocity vector.
  • #1
Varnson
23
0

Homework Statement


A body follows an elliptical path defined by r = sd/(1-s*cosP), where s and d are constant. If the angular speed is constant (dP/dT = w), show that the body's speed is v = rw[1+{(r*sinP)/d}^2]^(1/2)


Homework Equations


v = dr/dT*rhat + r*dP/dT*Phat; P = theta, I am not sure how to insert a theta symbol


The Attempt at a Solution


Right now I am thinking that I should find dr/dt. But as I see it since, there is no time dependence in the original equation, dr/dt = 0. Am I safe to take the derivative of r and use it as v? I am thinking no, since v is the magnitude of the velocity vector. Thanks for the help!
 
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  • #2
Varnson said:

Homework Statement


A body follows an elliptical path defined by r = sd/(1-s*cosP), where s and d are constant. If the angular speed is constant (dP/dT = w), show that the body's speed is v = rw[1+{(r*sinP)/d}^2]^(1/2)

Homework Equations


v = dr/dT*rhat + r*dP/dT*Phat; P = theta, I am not sure how to insert a theta symbol

The Attempt at a Solution


Right now I am thinking that I should find dr/dt. But as I see it since, there is no time dependence in the original equation, dr/dt = 0. Am I safe to take the derivative of r and use it as v? I am thinking no, since v is the magnitude of the velocity vector. Thanks for the help!
You've got the parts of it right, but you're a little confused.

[tex] \vec{v} = \frac{d}{dt} (r \hat{r} ) = r \omega \hat{\theta} + \hat{r} \frac{dr}{dt} [/tex]

From this, you can write down the magnitude of the velocity, [itex] | \vec{v} | [/itex]

The only missing piece, is to evaluate dr/dt. This you can do from the elliptic equation, with the time dependence embedded in [itex] \theta(t) [/itex].
 
  • #3
Use the chain rule. d/dT=d/dP*dP/dT. P is a function of time and so is r through it's dependence on P.
 
  • #4
I figured it out, I was stuck after I took the derivative, then i solved for r/d and the answer was right there in front of me! Thanks for the help!
 

FAQ: Speed of body traveling in elliptical path

What factors affect the speed of a body traveling in an elliptical path?

The speed of a body traveling in an elliptical path is affected by two main factors: the distance from the center of the ellipse and the eccentricity of the ellipse. As the distance from the center decreases, the speed of the body increases. Similarly, as the eccentricity increases, the speed of the body also increases. Other factors such as the mass of the body, the gravitational pull of the central body, and any external forces may also affect the speed.

How is the speed of a body calculated in an elliptical path?

The speed of a body in an elliptical path can be calculated using the formula v = √(GM(2/r - 1/a)), where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the central body, r is the distance from the center of the ellipse, and a is the semi-major axis of the ellipse. This formula takes into account the gravitational pull of the central body and the distance and eccentricity of the ellipse.

Can the speed of a body in an elliptical path change?

Yes, the speed of a body in an elliptical path can change. This is because the distance from the center of the ellipse and the eccentricity of the ellipse can change due to various factors such as the gravitational pull of other bodies, external forces, or the body's own propulsion. These changes in distance and eccentricity will result in a change in the speed of the body.

How does the speed of a body in an elliptical path compare to that in a circular path?

The speed of a body in an elliptical path is not constant and varies depending on the distance from the center and the eccentricity of the ellipse. In comparison, the speed of a body in a circular path is constant and is equal to the circumference of the circle divided by the time it takes to complete one full revolution. However, at certain points along the ellipse, the speed of the body may be equal to the speed in a circular path.

Can the speed of a body in an elliptical path exceed the speed of light?

No, the speed of a body in an elliptical path cannot exceed the speed of light. According to Einstein's theory of relativity, the speed of light is the maximum speed at which anything can travel in the universe. Therefore, no object, including a body in an elliptical path, can travel at a speed faster than the speed of light.

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