The Acidic Mysteries of Temperature and H2O

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In summary: The pH of pure water may change with temperature, but it will always be neutral. However, the activity of the ions will increase with temperature, making it more reactive and shifting the equilibrium towards dissociation. In summary, as temperature increases, the equilibrium of water dissociation shifts to compensate, resulting in higher activity of $\ce{H+}$ ions, which leads to a lower $\ce{pH}$ and a more acidic solution. However, the water itself remains neutral regardless of temperature.
  • #1
markosheehan
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why does the water become more acidic as temperature goes up. H2O <-> (H^+) + (OH^-) . why does this dissociate into the ions more at higher temperatures. also even if it does dissociate more it should not become more acidic as for every H^+ formed a OH^- is formed.
 
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  • #2
markosheehan said:
why does the water become more acidic as temperature goes up. H2O <-> (H^+) + (OH^-) . why does this dissociate into the ions more at higher temperatures. also even if it does dissociate more it should not become more acidic as for every H^+ formed a OH^- is formed.

It takes energy to break the bonds in $\ce{H2O}$.
And any change in status quo prompts an opposing reaction in the responding system (Le Chatelier's principle).
So when heat is applied to the system, and temperature goes up, the equilibrium shifts to compensate, meaning $\ce{H2O}$ absorbs some of the heat and dissociates.

As for acidity, that is defined as the activity of $\ce{H+}$ ions (as $\ce{pH}$).
When temperature goes up, that activity goes up as well, meaning the solution gets a lower $\ce{pH}$ than $7$.
Note that the water is still neutral though.
It's just that a neutral solution only has a $\ce{pH}$ of $7$ at standard temperature ($25 ^\circ C$).
For the record, at $0 ^\circ C$, the $\ce{pH}$ of pure water is 7.47. At $25 ^\circ C$, it's 7.00, and at $100 ^\circ C$ it's 6.14.
 
  • #3
i understand that the more acidic something is the more the H^+ ions concentration there will be. but the measure of how basic something is measured by the OH^-1 concentration. would the hydroxide ions and hydrogen ions not cancel out no matter what the temperature is.

the pOH=-log to the base 10 of the hydroxide concentration. this will go up if water dissociates.
 
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  • #4
markosheehan said:
i understand that the more acidic something is the more the H^+ ions concentration there will be. but the measure of how basic something is measured by the OH^-1 concentration. would the hydroxide ions and hydrogen ions not cancel out no matter what the temperature is.

the pOH=-log to the base 10 of the hydroxide concentration. this will go up if water dissociates.

Yep. So a solution can be simultaneously more acidic and more basic by applying heat.
And they would cancel out.
We'd just have both more acidic reactions and more basic reactions.
That is, at a higher temperature we have more reactivity of all types.
 
  • #5
I like Serena said:
Yep. So a solution can be simultaneously more acidic and more basic by applying heat.
And they would cancel out.
We'd just have both more acidic reactions and more basic reactions.
That is, at a higher temperature we have more reactivity of all types.

so its not more acidic or basic no matter what the temperature
 
  • #6
markosheehan said:
so its not more acidic or basic no matter what the temperature

Correct.
 

FAQ: The Acidic Mysteries of Temperature and H2O

What is the relationship between temperature and the acidity of water?

The relationship between temperature and the acidity of water is complex and depends on various factors such as the dissolved gases, mineral content, and pH of the water. In general, as temperature increases, the acidity of water tends to decrease due to the increase in molecular motion and the release of dissolved gases. However, this relationship may vary depending on the specific characteristics of the water.

How does temperature affect the pH of water?

Temperature can affect the pH of water in several ways. Firstly, as mentioned before, as temperature increases, the acidity of water tends to decrease. This may result in a higher pH value. Additionally, temperature changes can also affect the ionization of water molecules, which can alter the concentration of hydrogen ions and therefore impact the pH of water.

What is the role of temperature in the process of acidification of water bodies?

Temperature plays a crucial role in the process of acidification of water bodies. Warmer temperatures can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide and other acids into the water. This can lead to a decrease in the pH of the water and ultimately contribute to acidification.

Can changes in temperature affect the chemical reactions in acidic water?

Yes, changes in temperature can significantly impact the chemical reactions in acidic water. Temperature can affect the rate of chemical reactions by altering the energy of the molecules involved. In acidic water, temperature changes can also affect the concentration of hydrogen ions, which are essential for many chemical reactions to occur.

What are some potential consequences of temperature changes on the acidity of water?

Temperature changes can have various consequences on the acidity of water. For instance, changes in temperature can impact the survival and reproduction of aquatic organisms, which are sensitive to changes in water pH. Temperature changes can also influence the solubility of minerals and nutrients in water, which can have cascading effects on the health of aquatic ecosystems and human activities such as agriculture and fishing.

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